| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-228860
|
High |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must block outbound traffic containing denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to protect against the use of internal information systems to launch any DoS attacks against other networks or endpoints. |
If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources may be unavailable to users. Installation of content filtering gateways and application-layer firewalls at key boundaries in the architecture mitigates the risk of DoS attacks. These attacks can be detected by matching observed communications traffic with patterns of... |
|
V-228881
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must inspect inbound and outbound HTTP traffic (if authorized) for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. |
Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as HTTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This type of monitoring allows for the detection of known and unknown exploits that exploit weaknesses of commonly used protocols. The device... |
|
V-228880
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must inspect inbound and outbound FTP and FTPS communications traffic (if authorized) for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. |
Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as FTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This type of monitoring allows for the detection of known and unknown exploits that exploit weaknesses of commonly used protocols. The device... |
|
V-228879
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must inspect inbound and outbound SMTP and Extended SMTP communications traffic (if authorized) for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. |
Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as SMTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This type of monitoring allows for the detection of known and unknown exploits that exploit weaknesses of commonly used protocols. The device... |
|
V-228877
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform, if used for TLS/SSL decryption, must use NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to implement encryption. |
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The network element must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated. |
|
V-228876
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform providing encryption intermediary services must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to generate cryptographic hashes. |
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The network element must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated. |
|
V-228875
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must block traceroutes and ICMP probes originating from untrusted networks (e.g., ISP and other non-DoD networks). |
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can give configuration details about the network element.
The traceroute utility will display routes and trip times on an IP network. An attacker can use... |
|
V-228874
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when new active propagation of malware infecting DoD systems or malicious code adversely affecting the operations and/or security of DoD systems is detected. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action, and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The device generates an alert that notifies designated personnel of the Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) that require real-time alerts. These messages should... |
|
V-228873
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate a log record that can be used to send an alert to, at a minimum, the information system security officer (ISSO) and information system security manager (ISSM) when denial-of-service (DoS) incidents are detected. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action, and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
CJCSM 6510.01B, "Cyber Incident Handling Program", lists nine Cyber Incident and Reportable Event Categories. DOD has determined that categories identified by CJCSM... |
|
V-228872
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when rootkits or other malicious software that allows unauthorized nonprivileged access is detected. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action, and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The device generates an alert that notifies designated personnel of the Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) that require real-time alerts. These messages should... |
|
V-228871
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when rootkits or other malicious software which allows unauthorized privileged access is detected. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action, and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The Palo Alto Networks security platform generates an alert that notifies designated personnel of the Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) that require real-time... |
|
V-228870
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g., IAVMs or CTOs) are detected. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action, and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The device generates an alert that notifies designated personnel of the Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) that require real-time alerts. These messages should... |
|
V-228869
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must continuously monitor outbound communications traffic crossing internal security boundaries. |
If outbound communications traffic is not continuously monitored, hostile activity may not be detected and prevented. Output from application and traffic monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs.
Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring on the network crosses internal boundaries at managed interfaces such... |
|
V-228868
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must continuously monitor inbound communications traffic crossing internal security boundaries. |
If inbound communications traffic is not continuously monitored, hostile activity may not be detected and prevented. Output from application and traffic monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs.
Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring on the network crosses internal boundaries at managed interfaces such... |
|
V-228867
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when unauthorized network services are detected. |
Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Automated mechanisms can be used to send automatic alerts or notifications. Such automatic alerts or notifications can be conveyed in a variety of ways (e.g., telephonically, via... |
|
V-228866
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must generate a log record when unauthorized network services are detected. |
Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Examples of network services include service-oriented architectures (SOAs), cloud-based services (e.g., infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, or software as a service), cross-domain, Voice Over... |
|
V-228865
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must detect use of network services that have not been authorized or approved by the ISSM and ISSO, at a minimum. |
Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Examples of network services include service-oriented architectures (SOAs), cloud-based services (e.g., infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, or software as a service), cross-domain, Voice Over... |
|
V-228863
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must identify and log internal users associated with prohibited outgoing communications traffic. |
Without identifying the users who initiated the traffic, it would be difficult to identify those responsible for the prohibited communications. This requirement applies to those network elements that perform Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) (e.g., ALGs, proxies, or application-level firewalls).
The Palo Alto Networks Security Platform uses User-ID to map a... |
|
V-228862
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must only allow incoming communications from organization-defined authorized sources forwarded to organization-defined authorized destinations. |
Unrestricted traffic may contain malicious traffic that poses a threat to an enclave or to other connected networks. Additionally, unrestricted traffic may transit a network, which uses bandwidth and other resources.
Access control policies and access control lists implemented on devices that control the flow of network traffic (e.g., application-level... |
|
V-228861
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must use a Vulnerability Protection Profile that blocks any critical, high, or medium threats. |
If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources may be unavailable to users.
Installation of content filtering gateways and application-layer firewalls at key boundaries in the architecture mitigates the risk of DoS attacks. These attacks can be detected by matching observed communications traffic with patterns of... |
|
V-228859
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform being used for TLS/SSL decryption using PKI-based user authentication must only accept end entity certificates issued by DoD PKI or DoD-approved PKI Certificate Authorities (CAs) for the establishment of protected sessions. |
Non-DoD approved PKIs have not been evaluated to ensure that they have security controls and identity vetting procedures in place that are sufficient for DoD systems to rely on the identity asserted in the certificate. PKIs lacking sufficient security controls and identity vetting procedures risk being compromised and issuing certificates... |
|
V-228858
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited. |
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.
This does not apply to audit logs generated on behalf of the device itself (management). |
|
V-228857
|
Medium |
To protect against data mining, the Palo Alto Networks security platform must detect and prevent code injection attacks launched against application objects including, at a minimum, application URLs and application code. |
Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to prevent attacks launched against organizational information from unauthorized data mining may result in the compromise of information.
Injection attacks allow an attacker to inject code into a program or... |
|
V-228856
|
Medium |
To protect against data mining, the Palo Alto Networks security platform must detect and prevent SQL and other code injection attacks launched against data storage objects, including, at a minimum, databases, database records, queries, and fields. |
Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to prevent attacks launched against organizational information from unauthorized data mining may result in the compromise of information.
Injection attacks allow an attacker to inject code into a program or... |
|
V-228855
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security, if used as a TLS gateway/decryption point or VPN concentrator, must provide the capability to immediately disconnect or disable remote access to the information system. |
Without the ability to immediately disconnect or disable remote access, an attack or other compromise taking place would not be immediately stopped.
Remote access functionality must have the capability to immediately disconnect current users remotely accessing the information system and/or disable further remote access. The remote access functionality may implement... |
|
V-228854
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform, if used as a TLS gateway/decryption point or VPN concentrator, must control remote access methods (inspect and filter traffic). |
Remote access devices, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and makes remote user access management difficult at best.
Remote access is access to DoD-nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an... |
|
V-228853
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must prevent the download of prohibited mobile code. |
MMobile code is defined as software modules obtained from remote systems, transferred across a network, and then downloaded and executed on a local system without explicit installation or execution by the recipient.
This applies to mobile code that may originate either internal to or external from the enclave. Mobile code... |
|
V-228852
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must deny or restrict detected prohibited mobile code. |
Mobile code is defined as software modules obtained from remote systems, transferred across a network, and then downloaded and executed on a local system without explicit installation or execution by the recipient.
This applies to mobile code that may originate either internal to or external from the enclave. Mobile code... |
|
V-228851
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must automatically update malicious code protection mechanisms. |
Remote access is access to DOD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include broadband and wireless connections. Remote access methods include, for example, proxied remote encrypted traffic (e.g., TLS gateways, web content filters, and webmail proxies). |
|
V-228850
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must send an immediate (within seconds) alert to the system administrator, at a minimum, in response to malicious code detection. |
Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability; then the ability to perform forensic analysis and detect rate-based and other anomalies will be impeded.
The device must generate an immediate (within seconds) alert that notifies designated personnel of the incident. Since sending... |
|
V-228849
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must delete or quarantine malicious code in response to malicious code detection. |
Taking an appropriate action based on local organizational incident handling procedures minimizes the impact of this code on the network. This requirement is limited to ALGs web content filters and packet inspection firewalls that perform malicious code detection as part of their functionality.
The Palo Alto Networks security platform allows... |
|
V-228848
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must drop malicious code upon detection. |
Malicious code is designed to compromise information systems; therefore, it must be prevented from being transferred to uninfected hosts.
The Palo Alto Networks security platform allows customized profiles to be used to perform antivirus inspection for traffic between zones. Antivirus, anti-spyware, and vulnerability protection features require a specific license. There... |
|
V-228847
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must update malicious code protection mechanisms and signature definitions whenever new releases are available in accordance with organizational configuration management policy and procedures. |
In order to minimize any potential negative impact to the organization caused by malicious code, malicious code must be identified and eradicated. Malicious code includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and Spyware. |
|
V-228846
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must terminate communications sessions after 15 minutes of inactivity. |
Idle sessions can accumulate, leading to an exhaustion of memory in network elements processing traffic flows.
Note that the 15 minute period is a maximum value; Administrators can choose shorter timeout values to account for system- or network-specific requirements.
On a Palo Alto Networks security platform, a session is defined... |
|
V-228845
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must deny network communications traffic by default and allow network communications traffic by exception (i.e., deny all, permit by exception). |
A deny-all, permit-by-exception network communications traffic policy ensures that only those connections that are essential and approved are allowed. As a managed boundary interface between networks, the Palo Alto Networks security platform must block all inbound and outbound network traffic unless a policy filter is installed to explicitly allow it.... |
|
V-228844
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must deny outbound IP packets that contain an illegitimate address in the source address field. |
A compromised host in an enclave can be used by a malicious actor as a platform to launch cyber attacks on third parties. This is a common practice in "botnets", which are a collection of compromised computers using malware to attack (usually DDoS) other computers or networks. DDoS attacks frequently... |
|
V-228843
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must block phone home traffic. |
A variety of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and other attacks use "botnets" as an attack vector. A botnet is a collection of software agents (referred to as "bot"), residing on compromised computers. Attacks are orchestrated by a "bot herder" to command these agents to launch attacks. Part of... |
|
V-228842
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must protect against the use of internal systems for launching denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against external networks or endpoints. |
DoS attacks from DOD sources risk the reputation of the organization. Thus, it is important to protect against the DOD system being used to launch an attack on external systems. Although Zone Protections are applied on the ingress interface, at a minimum, DOD requires a zero-trust approach.
These attacks may... |
|
V-228841
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform that provides intermediary services for TLS must validate certificates used for TLS functions by performing RFC 5280-compliant certification path validation. |
A certificate's certification path is the path from the end entity certificate to a trusted root certification authority (CA). Certification path validation is necessary for a relying party to make an informed decision regarding acceptance of an end entity certificate.
Certification path validation includes checks such as certificate issuer trust,... |
|
V-228840
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. |
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types); organizations must disable or restrict unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems.
The DoD continually assesses the ports, protocols, and services that can be... |
|
V-228839
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must not enable the DNS proxy. |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform can act as a DNS proxy and send the DNS queries on behalf of the clients. DNS queries that arrive on an interface IP address can be directed to different DNS servers based on full or partial domain names.
However, unrelated or unneeded proxy... |
|
V-228838
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must disable WMI probing if it is not used. |
User-ID can use Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) probing as a method of mapping users to IP addresses. If this is used, the User-ID Agent will send a probe to each learned IP address in its list to verify that the same user is still logged in. The results of the... |
|
V-228837
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must only enable User-ID on trusted zones. |
User-ID can use Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) probing as a method of mapping users to IP addresses. If this is used, the User-ID Agent will send a probe to each learned IP address in its list to verify that the same user is still logged in. The results of the... |
|
V-228835
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform, if used as a TLS gateway/decryption point or VPN concentrator, must use NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect the integrity of remote access sessions. |
Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Cryptographic mechanisms used for protecting the integrity of information include, for example, signed hash functions using asymmetric cryptography enabling distribution of the public key to verify the hash information while maintaining the confidentiality of the secret key... |
|
V-228834
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform that stores secret or private keys must use FIPS-approved key management technology and processes in the production and control of private/secret cryptographic keys. |
Private key data is used to prove that the entity presenting a public key certificate is the certificate's rightful owner. Compromise of private key data allows an adversary to impersonate the key holder.
Private key data associated with software certificates is required to be generated and protected in at least... |
|
V-228833
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform, if used as a TLS gateway/decryption point or VPN concentrator, must use encryption services that implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect the confidentiality of remote access sessions. |
Without confidentiality protection mechanisms, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive information via a remote access session. Encryption provides a means to secure the remote connection so as to prevent unauthorized access to the data traversing the remote access connection, thereby providing a degree of confidentiality. The encryption strength of... |
|
V-228832
|
Medium |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform, if used to provide intermediary services for remote access communications traffic (TLS or SSL decryption), must ensure inbound and outbound traffic is monitored for compliance with remote access security policies. |
Automated monitoring of remote access traffic allows organizations to detect cyber attacks and also ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by inspecting connection activities of remote access capabilities.
Remote access methods include both unencrypted and encrypted traffic (e.g., web portals, web content filter, TLS, and webmail). With inbound TLS... |
|
V-228878
|
Low |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must, at a minimum, off-load threat and traffic log records onto a centralized log server in real time. |
Off-loading ensures audit information does not get overwritten if the limited audit storage capacity is reached and also protects the audit record in case the system/component being audited is compromised.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. The audit storage on the Palo Alto... |
|
V-228864
|
Low |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must be configured to integrate with a system-wide intrusion detection system. |
Without coordinated reporting between separate devices, it is not possible to identify the true scale and possible target of an attack.
Integration of the Palo Alto Networks security platform with a system-wide intrusion detection system supports continuous monitoring and incident response programs. This requirement applies to monitoring at internal boundaries... |
|
V-228836
|
Low |
The Palo Alto Networks security platform must log violations of security policies. |
Without establishing the source of the event, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, security personnel need to know the source of the event. In addition to logging... |