| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-65165
|
High |
The DataPower Gateway must use SNMPv3. |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk.
A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A... |
|
V-65107
|
High |
The DataPower Gateway must terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. |
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by... |
|
V-65189
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must not use 0.0.0.0 as the management IP address. |
If 0.0.0.0 as the management IP address, the DataPower appliance will listen on all configured interfaces for management traffic. This can allow an attacker to gain privileged-level access from an untrusted network. |
|
V-65187
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. |
For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified with the Federal Bridge Certification Authority at medium assurance or higher, this Certification Authority will suffice. |
|
V-65185
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must employ automated mechanisms to assist in the tracking of security incidents. |
Despite the investment in perimeter defense technologies, enclaves are still faced with detecting, analyzing, and remediating network breaches and exploits that have made it past the network device. An automated incident response infrastructure allows network operations to immediately react to incidents by identifying, analyzing, and mitigating any network device compromise.... |
|
V-65183
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must support organizational requirements to conduct backups of system level information contained in the information system when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner. |
System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including ACLs that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the execution and operation of the device. Information system backup is a critical step in ensuring system integrity and availability. If the system fails and... |
|
V-65181
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must employ automated mechanisms to centrally verify authentication settings. |
The use of authentication servers or other centralized management servers for providing centralized authentication services is required for network device management. Maintaining local administrator accounts for daily usage on each network device without centralized management is not scalable or feasible. Without centralized management, it is likely that credentials for some... |
|
V-65179
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must employ automated mechanisms to centrally apply authentication settings. |
The use of authentication servers or other centralized management servers for providing centralized authentication services is required for network device management. Maintaining local administrator accounts for daily usage on each network device without centralized management is not scalable or feasible. Without centralized management, it is likely that credentials for some... |
|
V-65177
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must employ automated mechanisms to centrally manage authentication settings. |
The use of authentication servers or other centralized management servers for providing centralized authentication services is required for network device management. Maintaining local administrator accounts for daily usage on each network device without centralized management is not scalable or feasible. Without centralized management, it is likely that credentials for some... |
|
V-65175
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate audit log events for a locally developed list of auditable events. |
Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. Logging the actions of specific events provides a means to investigate an attack; to recognize resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or to identify an improperly configured network device. If auditing is not comprehensive, it will not be useful for intrusion... |
|
V-65173
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must use automated mechanisms to alert security personnel to threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g., CTOs) and in accordance with CJCSM 6510.01B. |
By immediately displaying an alarm message, potential security violations can be identified more quickly even when administrators are not logged into the network device. An example of a mechanism to facilitate this would be through the utilization of SNMP traps. |
|
V-65171
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited. |
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
|
V-65169
|
Medium |
The IBM DataPower Gateway must only allow the use of protocols that implement cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity and confidentiality of management communications. |
This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking cryptographic mechanisms) are used for sessions, the contents of those sessions will be susceptible to manipulation, potentially allowing alteration... |
|
V-65167
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period. |
Some authentication implementations can be configured to use cached authenticators.
If cached authentication information is out-of-date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable.
The organization-defined time period should be established for each device depending on the nature of the device; for example, a device with just a few... |
|
V-65163
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must require users to re-authenticate when privilege escalation or role changes occur. |
Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.
When devices provide the capability to change security roles, it is critical the user re-authenticate.
In addition to the re-authentication requirements associated with session locks, organizations may require re-authentication of individuals and/or devices in... |
|
V-65161
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device. |
Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to the device configuration, it will be difficult to identify attempted attacks, and an audit trail will not be available for forensic investigation for after-the-fact actions.
Enforcement actions are the methods or mechanisms used to prevent unauthorized changes to configuration settings.... |
|
V-65159
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration. |
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the device can... |
|
V-65157
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must implement organization-defined automated security responses if baseline configurations are changed in an unauthorized manner. |
Unauthorized changes to the baseline configuration could make the device vulnerable to various attacks or allow unauthorized access to the device. Changes to device configurations can have unintended side effects, some of which may be relevant to security.
Detecting such changes and providing an automated response can help avoid unintended,... |
|
V-65155
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). |
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local... |
|
V-65153
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must be configured to synchronize internal information system clocks with the primary and secondary time sources located in different geographic regions using redundant authoritative time sources. |
The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other functions.
Multiple time sources provide redundancy by including a secondary source. Time synchronization is usually a hierarchy; clients synchronize time... |
|
V-65143
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. |
In order to ensure network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial device setup if it is modifiable.
The value... |
|
V-65141
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must provide the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time. |
If authorized individuals do not have the ability to modify auditing parameters in response to a changing threat environment, the organization may not be able to effectively respond, and important forensic information may be lost.
This requirement enables organizations to extend or limit auditing as necessary to meet organizational requirements.... |
|
V-65139
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must audit the execution of privileged functions. |
Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and... |
|
V-65137
|
Medium |
If the DataPower Gateway uses role-based access control, the DataPower Gateway must enforce role-based access control policies over defined subjects and objects. |
Organizations can create specific roles based on job functions and the authorizations (i.e., privileges) to perform needed operations on organizational information systems associated with the organization-defined roles. When administrators are assigned to the organizational roles, they inherit the authorizations or privileges defined for those roles. RBAC simplifies privilege administration for... |
|
V-65135
|
Medium |
If the DataPower Gateway uses discretionary access control, the DataPower Gateway must enforce organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects. |
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the notion that individual network administrators are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in which mode (e.g., read or write). Ownership is usually acquired as a consequence of creating the object or... |
|
V-65131
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must be compliant with at least one IETF standard authentication protocol. |
Protecting access authorization information (i.e., access control decisions) ensures that authorization information cannot be altered, spoofed, or otherwise compromised during transmission.
In distributed information systems, authorization processes and access control decisions may occur in separate parts of the systems. In such instances, authorization information is transmitted securely so timely access... |
|
V-65129
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate an immediate alert for account enabling actions. |
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Notification of account enabling is one method for mitigating this risk. A... |
|
V-65127
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must automatically audit account enabling actions. |
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Notification of account enabling is one method for mitigating this risk. A... |
|
V-65125
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must display an explicit logout message to administrators indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions. |
If an explicit logout message is not displayed and the administrator does not expect to see one, the administrator may inadvertently leave a management session un-terminated. The session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. Administrators need to be aware... |
|
V-65123
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must provide a logout capability for administrator-initiated communication sessions. |
If an administrator cannot explicitly end a device management session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. |
|
V-65121
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must automatically terminate a network administrator session after organization-defined conditions or trigger events requiring session disconnect. |
Automatic session termination addresses the termination of administrator-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions (i.e., network disconnect). A logical session (for local, network, and remote access) is initiated whenever an administrator (or process acting on behalf of a user) accesses... |
|
V-65119
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are removed. |
When application accounts are removed, administrator accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual device administrators or for identifying the device processes themselves.
In order to detect and respond to events that affect administrator accessibility and device processing, devices must audit account removal actions and, as required, notify the... |
|
V-65117
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are disabled. |
When application accounts are disabled, administrator accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual device administrators or for identifying the device processes themselves.
In order to detect and respond to events that affect administrator accessibility and device processing, devices must audit account disabling actions and, as required, notify the... |
|
V-65115
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are modified. |
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply modify an existing account. Notification of account modification is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account... |
|
V-65113
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are created. |
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply create a new account. Notification of account creation is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account... |
|
V-65111
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must activate a system alert message, send an alarm, and/or automatically shut down when a component failure is detected. |
Predictable failure prevention requires organizational planning to address device failure issues. If components key to maintaining the device's security fail to function, the device could continue operating in an insecure state. If appropriate actions are not taken when a network device failure occurs, a denial of service condition may occur... |
|
V-65109
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. |
Sequentially generated session IDs can be easily guessed by an attacker. Employing the concept of randomness in the generation of unique session identifiers helps to protect against brute-force attacks to determine future session identifiers.
Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a... |
|
V-65105
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must use mechanisms meeting the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance for authentication to a cryptographic module. |
Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised.
Network devices utilizing encryption are required to use FIPS-compliant mechanisms for authenticating to cryptographic modules.
FIPS 140-2 is the... |
|
V-65103
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must map the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication. |
Authorization for access to any network device requires an approved and assigned individual account identifier. To ensure only the assigned individual is using the account, the account must be bound to a user certificate when PKI-based authentication is implemented. |
|
V-65101
|
Medium |
If multifactor authentication is not supported and passwords must be used, the DataPower Gateway must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-65099
|
Medium |
If multifactor authentication is not supported and passwords must be used, the DataPower Gateway must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-65097
|
Medium |
If multifactor authentication is not supported and passwords must be used, the DataPower Gateway must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-65095
|
Medium |
If multifactor authentication is not supported and passwords must be used, the DataPower Gateway must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used. |
Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-65093
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations. |
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
To meet password policy requirements, passwords need to be changed at specific policy-based intervals.
If the network device allows the user to consecutively reuse their password when that password... |
|
V-65091
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must enforce a minimum 15-character password length. |
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password.
The shorter the password, the lower the number... |
|
V-65089
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must have SSH and web management bound to the management interface and Telnet disabled. |
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems. Network devices are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some... |
|
V-65087
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries. |
Changes to any software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed administrative access to the network device for implementing any changes or upgrades. If the network device were to enable non-authorized users... |
|
V-65085
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. |
Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the network device. Verifying software components have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted... |
|
V-65081
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
|
V-65079
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
|
V-65077
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must protect audit tools from unauthorized access. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
|
V-65075
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must protect audit information from any type of unauthorized read access. |
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In... |
|
V-65073
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure. |
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected.
Audit processing... |
|
V-65071
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. |
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate,... |
|
V-65069
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must provide audit record generation capability for DoD-defined auditable events within DataPower. |
Without the capability to generate audit records, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., process, module). Certain specific device functionalities may be audited... |
|
V-65067
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access. |
The banner must be acknowledged by the administrator prior to allowing the administrator access to the network device. This provides assurance that the administrator has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If the consent banner is not acknowledged by the administrator, DoD will not be in compliance... |
|
V-65063
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within DataPower based on information flow control policies. |
A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the network device may become compromised. Information flow control regulates where management information is allowed to travel within a... |
|
V-64981
|
Medium |
The DataPower Gateway must enforce the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level in accordance with applicable policy for the device. |
To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems must be properly configured to incorporate access control methods that do not rely solely on the possession of a certificate for access. Successful authentication must not automatically... |
|
V-65151
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must synchronize internal information system clocks to the authoritative time source when the time difference is greater than one second. |
Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when conducting forensic analysis and investigating system events.
Synchronizing internal information system clocks provides uniformity of time stamps for information... |
|
V-65149
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must compare internal information system clocks at least every 24 hours with an authoritative time server. |
Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when conducting forensic analysis and investigating system events. Sources outside of the configured acceptable allowance (drift) may be inaccurate. Additionally,... |
|
V-65147
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events. |
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected.
Alerts provide... |
|
V-65145
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must generate an immediate alert when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of repository maximum audit record storage capacity. |
If security personnel are not notified immediately upon storage volume utilization reaching 75%, they are unable to plan for storage capacity expansion. This could lead to the loss of audit information. Note that while the network device must generate the alert, notification may be done by a management server. |
|
V-65083
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must back up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited. |
Protection of log data includes assuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Regularly backing up audit records to a different system or onto separate media than the system being audited helps to assure, in the event of a catastrophic system failure, the audit records will be retained.
This... |
|
V-65065
|
Low |
The DataPower Gateway must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device. |
Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users. |