| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-256775
|
Medium |
Security Token Service log data and records must be backed up onto a different system or media. |
Protection of Security Token Service log data includes ensuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Backing up Security Token Service log records to an unrelated system or onto separate media than the system the web server is running on helps to ensure that, in the event of a... |
|
V-256774
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service default servlet must be set to "readonly". |
The default servlet (or DefaultServlet) is a special servlet provided with Tomcat that is called when no other suitable page is found in a particular folder. The DefaultServlet serves static resources as well as directory listings.
The DefaultServlet is configured by default with the "readonly" parameter set to "true" where... |
|
V-256773
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must set the secure flag for cookies. |
The secure flag is an option that can be set by the application server when sending a new cookie to the user within an HTTP Response. The purpose of the secure flag is to prevent cookies from being observed by unauthorized parties due to the transmission of the cookie in... |
|
V-256772
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must disable the shutdown port. |
An attacker has at least two reasons to stop a web server. The first is to cause a denial of service, and the second is to put in place changes the attacker made to the web server configuration.
If the Tomcat shutdown port feature is enabled, a shutdown signal can... |
|
V-256771
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must be configured with the appropriate ports. |
Web servers provide numerous processes, features, and functionalities that use TCP/IP ports. Some of these processes may be deemed unnecessary or too unsecure to run on a production system. The ports that the Security Token Service listens on are configured in the "catalina.properties" file and must be verified as accurate... |
|
V-256770
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must have the debug option disabled. |
Information needed by an attacker to begin looking for possible vulnerabilities in a web server includes any information about the web server and plug-ins or modules being used. When debugging or trace information is enabled in a production web server, information about the web server, such as web server type,... |
|
V-256769
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must not enable support for TRACE requests. |
"TRACE" is a technique for a user to request internal information about Tomcat. This is useful during product development but should not be enabled in production. Allowing an attacker to conduct a TRACE operation against the Security Token Service will expose information that would be useful to perform a more... |
|
V-256768
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must be configured to not show error reports. |
Web servers will often display error messages to client users, displaying enough information to aid in the debugging of the error. The information given back in error messages may display the web server type, version, patches installed, plug-ins and modules installed, type of code being used by the hosted application,... |
|
V-256767
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must not show directory listings. |
Enumeration techniques, such as Uniform Resource Locator (URL) parameter manipulation, rely on being able to obtain information about the web server's directory structure by locating directories without default pages. In this scenario, the web server will display to the user a listing of the files in the directory being accessed.... |
|
V-256766
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must set the welcome-file node to a default web page. |
Enumeration techniques, such as Uniform Resource Locator (URL) parameter manipulation, rely on being able to obtain information about the web server's directory structure by locating directories without default pages. In this scenario, the web server will display to the user a listing of the files in the directory being accessed.... |
|
V-256765
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must use the "setCharacterEncodingFilter" filter. |
Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into a hosted application's data entry field and the hosted application is unprepared to process that data. This results in unanticipated application behavior, potentially leading to an application compromise. Invalid user input is one of the primary methods employed... |
|
V-256764
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must set "URIEncoding" to UTF-8. |
Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into a hosted application's data entry field and the hosted application is unprepared to process that data. This results in unanticipated application behavior, potentially leading to an application compromise. Invalid user input is one of the primary methods employed... |
|
V-256763
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must limit the number of allowed connections. |
Limiting the number of established connections to the Security Token Service is a basic denial-of-service protection. Servers where the limit is too high or unlimited can potentially run out of system resources and negatively affect system availability. |
|
V-256762
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must fail to a known safe state if system initialization fails, shutdown fails, or aborts fail. |
Determining a safe state for failure and weighing that against a potential denial of service for users depends on what type of application the web server is hosting. For the Security Token Service, it is preferable that the service abort startup on any initialization failure rather than continuing in a... |
|
V-256761
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service directory tree must have permissions in an out-of-the-box state. |
As a rule, accounts on a web server are to be kept to a minimum. Only administrators, web managers, developers, auditors, and web authors require accounts on the machine hosting the web server. The resources to which these accounts have access must also be closely monitored and controlled. The Security... |
|
V-256760
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must not have any symbolic links in the web content directory tree. |
A web server is designed to deliver content and execute scripts or applications on the request of a client or user. Containing user requests to files in the directory tree of the hosted web application and limiting the execution of scripts and applications guarantees the user is not accessing information... |
|
V-256759
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must be configured with memory leak protection. |
The Java Runtime environment can cause a memory leak or lock files under certain conditions. Without memory leak protection, the Security Token Service can continue to consume system resources which will lead to "OutOfMemoryErrors" when reloading web applications.
Memory leaks occur when JRE code uses the context class loader to... |
|
V-256758
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must not have the Web Distributed Authoring (WebDAV) servlet installed. |
WebDAV is an extension to the HTTP protocol that, when developed, was meant to allow users to create, change, and move documents on a server, typically a web server or web share. WebDAV is not widely used and has serious security concerns because it may allow clients to modify unauthorized... |
|
V-256757
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must have mappings set for Java servlet pages. |
Resource mapping is the process of tying a particular file type to a process in the web server that can serve that type of file to a requesting client and identify which file types are not to be delivered to a client.
By not specifying which files can and cannot... |
|
V-256756
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must have Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) that invoke operating system shell programs disabled. |
MIME mappings tell the Security Token Service what type of program various file types and extensions are and what external utilities or programs are needed to execute the file type.
By ensuring various shell script MIME types are not included in "web.xml", the server is protected against malicious users tricking... |
|
V-256755
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must be configured to limit access to internal packages. |
The "package.access" entry in the "catalina.properties" file implements access control at the package level. When properly configured, a Security Exception will be reported if an errant or malicious webapp attempts to access the listed internal classes directly or if a new class is defined under the protected packages.
The Security... |
|
V-256754
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must not be configured with unused realms. |
The Security Token Service performs user authentication at the application level and not through Tomcat. To eliminate unnecessary features and ensure the Security Token Service remains in its shipping state, the lack of a "UserDatabaseRealm" configuration must be confirmed. |
|
V-256753
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must only run one webapp. |
VMware ships the Security Token Service on the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) with one webapp, in "ROOT.war". Any other ".war" file is potentially malicious and must be removed.
Satisfies: SRG-APP-000131-WSR-000073, SRG-APP-000141-WSR-000075 |
|
V-256752
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service application files must be verified for their integrity. |
Verifying the Security Token Service application code is unchanged from its shipping state is essential for file validation and nonrepudiation of the Security Token Service. There is no reason the MD5 hash of the RPM original files should be changed after installation, excluding configuration files.
Satisfies: SRG-APP-000131-WSR-000051, SRG-APP-000357-WSR-000150 |
|
V-256751
|
Medium |
Security Token Service log files must only be modifiable by privileged users. |
Log data is essential in the investigation of events. The accuracy of the information is always pertinent. One of the first steps an attacker will undertake is the modification or deletion of log records to cover tracks and prolong discovery.
The web server must protect the log data from unauthorized... |
|
V-256750
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must generate log records during Java startup and shutdown. |
Logging must be started as soon as possible when a service starts and as late as possible when a service is stopped. Many forms of suspicious actions can be detected by analyzing logs for unexpected service starts and stops. Also, by starting to log immediately after a service starts, it... |
|
V-256749
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must record user access in a format that enables monitoring of remote access. |
Remote access can be exploited by an attacker to compromise the server. By recording all remote access activities, it will be possible to determine the attacker's location, intent, and degree of success.
Tomcat can be configured with an "AccessLogValve", a component that can be inserted into the request processing pipeline... |
|
V-256748
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must protect cookies from cross-site scripting (XSS). |
Cookies are a common way to save session state over the HTTP(S) protocol. If an attacker can compromise session data stored in a cookie, they are better able to launch an attack against the server and its applications.
When a cookie is tagged with the "HttpOnly" flag, it tells the... |
|
V-256747
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must limit the maximum size of a POST request. |
The "maxPostSize" value is the maximum size in bytes of the POST that will be handled by the container FORM URL parameter parsing. Limit its size to reduce exposure to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack.
If "maxPostSize" is not set, the default value of 2097152 (2MB) is used. Security Token Service... |
|
V-256746
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must limit the number of concurrent connections permitted. |
Resource exhaustion can occur when an unlimited number of concurrent requests are allowed on a website, facilitating a denial-of-service attack. Unless the number of requests is controlled, the web server can consume enough system resources to cause a system crash.
Mitigating this kind of attack will include limiting the number... |
|
V-256745
|
Medium |
The Security Token Service must limit the amount of time that each Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection is kept alive. |
Denial of service (DoS) is one threat against web servers. Many DoS attacks attempt to consume web server resources in such a way that no more resources are available to satisfy legitimate requests.
In Tomcat, the "connectionTimeout" attribute sets the number of milliseconds the server will wait after accepting a... |
