| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-237781
|
High |
The network device, for PKI-based authentication, must be configured to map validated certificates to unique user accounts. |
Without mapping the PKI certificate to a unique user account, the ability to determine the identities of individuals or the status of their non-repudiation is considerably impacted during forensic analysis. A strength of using PKI as MFA is that it can help ensure only the assigned individual is using their... |
|
V-237780
|
High |
The network device must be configured to use DoD approved OCSP responders or CRLs to validate certificates used for PKI-based authentication. |
Once issued by a DoD certificate authority (CA), public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates are typically valid for 3 years or shorter within the DoD. However, there are many reasons a certificate may become invalid before the prescribed expiration date. For example, an employee may leave or be terminated and still... |
|
V-237779
|
High |
The network device must be configured to use DoD PKI as multi-factor authentication (MFA) for interactive logins. |
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is when two or more factors are used to confirm the identity of an individual who is requesting access to digital information resources. Valid factors include something the individual knows (e.g., username and password), something the individual has (e.g., a smartcard or token), or something the individual... |
|
V-213468
|
High |
The network device must be running an operating system release that is currently supported by the vendor. |
Network devices running an unsupported operating system lack current security fixes required to mitigate the risks associated with recent vulnerabilities. |
|
V-213467
|
High |
The network device must be configured to send log data to at least two central log servers for the purpose of forwarding alerts to the administrators and the information system security officer (ISSO). |
The aggregation of log data kept on a syslog server can be used to detect attacks and trigger an alert to the appropriate security personnel. The stored log data can used to detect weaknesses in security that enable the network IA team to find and address these weaknesses before breaches... |
|
V-202132
|
High |
The network device must be configured to use at least two authentication servers for the purpose of authenticating users prior to granting administrative access. |
Centralized management of authentication settings increases the security of remote and nonlocal access methods. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat. With robust centralized management, audit records for administrator account access to the organization's network devices can be more readily analyzed for trends and anomalies. The alternative... |
|
V-202118
|
High |
The network device must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions |
This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking cryptographic mechanisms) are used for sessions, the contents of those sessions will be susceptible to eavesdropping, potentially putting sensitive... |
|
V-202117
|
High |
The network devices must use FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications. |
Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised.
Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network... |
|
V-202093
|
High |
The network device must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures. |
Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges.
Privileged functions include, for example, establishing accounts, performing system integrity checks, or administering cryptographic key management activities. Non-privileged users are individuals that do not possess appropriate authorizations. |
|
V-202078
|
High |
The network device must only allow authorized administrators to view or change the device configuration, system files, and other files stored either in the device or on removable media (such as a flash drive). |
This requirement is intended to address the confidentiality and integrity of system information at rest (e.g., network device rule sets) when it is located on a storage device within the network device or as a component of the network device. This protection is required to prevent unauthorized alteration, corruption, or... |
|
V-202074
|
High |
The network device must terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after five minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. |
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by... |
|
V-202072
|
High |
The network device must use FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms for authentication to a cryptographic module. |
Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not validated and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised.
Network devices utilizing encryption are required to use FIPS-compliant mechanisms for authenticating to cryptographic modules.
FIPS 140-2 is the... |
|
V-202071
|
High |
The network device must obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals. |
To prevent the compromise of authentication information such as passwords during the authentication process, the feedback from the network device must not provide any information that would allow an unauthorized user to compromise the authentication mechanism.
Obfuscation of user-provided information when typed into the system is a method used in... |
|
V-202065
|
High |
The network device must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords. |
Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised.
Network devices can accomplish this by making direct function calls to encryption modules or by leveraging operating... |
|
V-202064
|
High |
The network device must be configured to store passwords using an approved salted key derivation function, preferably using a keyed hash for password-based authentication. |
Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised.
Network devices must enforce cryptographic representations of passwords when storing passwords in databases, configuration files, and log... |
|
V-202049
|
High |
The network device must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services |
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems.
Network devices are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some... |
|
V-202017
|
High |
The network device must be configured to assign appropriate user roles or access levels to authenticated users. |
Successful identification and authentication must not automatically give an entity full access to a network device or security domain. The lack of authorization-based access control could result in the immediate compromise and unauthorized access to sensitive information. All DoD systems must be properly configured to incorporate access control methods that... |
|
V-264308
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to compare the internal system clocks on an organization-defined frequency with organization-defined authoritative time source. |
Synchronization of internal system clocks with an authoritative source provides uniformity of time stamps for systems with multiple system clocks and systems connected over a network. |
|
V-264307
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to synchronize system clocks within and between systems or system components. |
Time synchronization of system clocks is essential for the correct execution of many system services, including identification and authentication processes that involve certificates and time-of-day restrictions as part of access control. Denial of service or failure to deny expired credentials may result without properly synchronized clocks within and between systems... |
|
V-264306
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to provide protected storage for cryptographic keys with organization-defined safeguards and/or hardware protected key store. |
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an example of a hardware-protected data store that can be used to protect cryptographic keys. |
|
V-264305
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to include only approved trust anchors in trust stores or certificate stores managed by the organization. |
Public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates are certificates with visibility external to organizational systems and certificates related to the internal operations of systems, such as application-specific time services. In cryptographic systems with a hierarchical structure, a trust anchor is an authoritative source (i.e., a certificate authority) for which trust is assumed... |
|
V-264304
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to protect nonlocal maintenance sessions by separating the maintenance session from other network sessions with the system by logically separated communications paths. |
Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are conducted by individuals who communicate through either an external or internal network. Communications paths can be logically separated using encryption. |
|
V-264303
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to implement a local cache of revocation data to support path discovery and validation for public key-based authentication. |
Public key cryptography is a valid authentication mechanism for individuals, machines, and devices. For PKI solutions, status information for certification paths includes certificate revocation lists or certificate status protocol responses. For PIV cards, certificate validation involves the construction and verification of a certification path to the Common Policy Root trust... |
|
V-264302
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to employ automated tools to assist the user in selecting strong password authenticators for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264301
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to allow user selection of long passwords and passphrases, including spaces and all printable characters for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264300
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to require immediate selection of a new password upon account recovery for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264299
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to verify when users create or update passwords, that the passwords are not found on the list of commonly-used, expected, or compromised passwords in IA-5 (1) (a) for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264298
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to update the list of passwords when organizational passwords are suspected to have been compromised directly or indirectly for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264297
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to update the list of passwords on an organization-defined frequency for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264296
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to maintain a list of commonly used, expected, or compromised passwords on an organization-defined frequency for password-based authentication. |
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multifactor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length... |
|
V-264295
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to implement multifactor authentication for local; network; and/or remote access to privileged accounts; and/or nonprivileged accounts such that the device meets organization-defined strength of mechanism requirements. |
The purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the system to which the user is attempting to gain access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication is to reduce the likelihood of compromising authenticators or credentials stored on the system. Adversaries may be able to compromise such... |
|
V-264294
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to implement multifactor authentication for local; network; and/or remote access to privileged accounts; and/or nonprivileged accounts such that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access. |
The purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the system to which the user is attempting to gain access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication is to reduce the likelihood of compromising authenticators or credentials stored on the system. Adversaries may be able to compromise such... |
|
V-264293
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to alert organization-defined personnel or roles upon detection of unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of audit information. |
Audit information includes all information needed to successfully audit system activity, such as audit records, audit log settings, audit reports, and personally identifiable information. Audit logging tools are those programs and devices used to conduct system audit and logging activities. Protection of audit information focuses on technical protection and limits... |
|
V-264292
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to disable accounts when the accounts are no longer associated to a user. |
Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality which reduce the attack surface of the system. |
|
V-264291
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to disable accounts when the accounts have expired. |
Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality, which reduce the attack surface of the system. |
|
V-256777
|
Medium |
The network device must install security-relevant software updates within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs). |
Security flaws with firmware are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered security vulnerabilities. Organizations (including any contractor to the organization) are required to promptly install security-relevant firmware updates. Flaws discovered during security assessments, continuous monitoring, incident response activities, or information system error... |
|
V-216508
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs. |
Configuring the network device to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists ensures compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security baseline across DoD that reflects the most restrictive security posture consistent with operational requirements.
Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed that affect... |
|
V-202140
|
Medium |
The network device must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for each administrator account and/or administrator account type. |
Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per administrator based on account type, role, or access type is helpful in limiting risks related to DoS attacks.
This requirement addresses concurrent sessions... |
|
V-202139
|
Medium |
The network device must obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. |
For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified with the Federal Bridge Certification Authority at medium assurance or higher, this Certification Authority will suffice. |
|
V-202137
|
Medium |
The network device must support organizational requirements to conduct backups of information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner. |
Information system backup is a critical step in maintaining data assurance and availability. Information system and security-related documentation contains information pertaining to system configuration and security settings. If this information were not backed up, and a system failure were to occur, the security settings would be difficult to reconfigure quickly... |
|
V-202136
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to conduct backups of system level information contained in the information system when changes occur. |
System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including ACLs that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the execution and operation of the device. Information system backup is a critical step in ensuring system integrity and availability. If the system fails and... |
|
V-202131
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the system components. |
Changes to the hardware or software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed administrative access to the network device for implementing any changes or upgrades. This requirement applies to updates of the... |
|
V-202130
|
Medium |
The network device must generate log records for a locally developed list of auditable events |
Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. Logging the actions of specific events provides a means to investigate an attack; to recognize resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or to identify an improperly configured network device. If auditing is not comprehensive, it will not be useful for intrusion... |
|
V-202127
|
Medium |
The network device must off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited. |
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
|
V-202126
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202125
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202124
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202123
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202122
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202121
|
Medium |
The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-202120
|
Medium |
If the network device uses mandatory access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined mandatory access control policies over all subjects and objects. |
Mandatory access control policies constrain what actions subjects can take with information obtained from data objects for which they have already been granted access, thus preventing the subjects from passing the information to unauthorized subjects and objects. This class of mandatory access control policies also constrains what actions subjects can... |
|
V-202119
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards. |
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
This requirement addresses the configuration of network devices to mitigate the impact of DoS attacks that have occurred or are ongoing... |
|
V-202116
|
Medium |
Network devices performing maintenance functions must restrict use of these functions to authorized personnel only. |
There are security-related issues arising from software brought into the network device specifically for diagnostic and repair actions (e.g., a software packet sniffer installed on a device in order to troubleshoot system traffic, or a vendor installing or running a diagnostic application in order to troubleshoot an issue with a... |
|
V-202115
|
Medium |
The network device must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period. |
Some authentication implementations can be configured to use cached authenticators.
If cached authentication information is out-of-date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable.
The organization-defined time period should be established for each device depending on the nature of the device; for example, a device with just a few... |
|
V-202112
|
Medium |
The network device must authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based. |
If Network Time Protocol is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will make log timestamps inaccurate and affect scheduled actions. NTP authentication is used to prevent this tampering by authenticating... |
|
V-202111
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk.
A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A... |
|
V-202107
|
Medium |
The network device must audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device. |
Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to the device configuration, it will be difficult to identify attempted attacks, and an audit trail will not be available for forensic investigation for after-the-fact actions.
Enforcement actions are the methods or mechanisms used to prevent unauthorized changes to configuration settings.... |
|
V-202106
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration. |
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the device can... |
|
V-202105
|
Medium |
The network device must prohibit installation of software without explicit privileged status. |
Allowing anyone to install software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. This requirement applies to code changes and upgrades for all network devices. |
|
V-202103
|
Medium |
The network device must record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision. |
Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks. |
|
V-202102
|
Medium |
The network device must record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). |
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local... |
|
V-202100
|
Medium |
The network device must generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. |
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected.
Alerts provide... |
|
V-202098
|
Medium |
The network device must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. |
In order to ensure network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial device setup if it is modifiable.
The value... |
|
V-202094
|
Medium |
The network device must audit the execution of privileged functions. |
Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and... |
|
V-202092
|
Medium |
If the network device uses role-based access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined role-based access control policies over defined subjects and objects. |
Organizations can create specific roles based on job functions and the authorizations (i.e., privileges) to perform needed operations on organizational information systems associated with the organization-defined roles. When administrators are assigned to the organizational roles, they inherit the authorizations or privileges defined for those roles. RBAC simplifies privilege administration for... |
|
V-202091
|
Medium |
If the network device uses discretionary access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects. |
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the notion that individual network administrators are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in which mode (e.g., read or write). Ownership is usually acquired as a consequence of creating the object or... |
|
V-202088
|
Medium |
The network device must automatically audit account enabling actions. |
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Notification of account enabling is one method for mitigating this risk. A... |
|
V-202087
|
Medium |
The network device must terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group. |
A shared/group account credential is a shared form of authentication that allows multiple individuals to access the network device using a single account. If shared/group account credentials are not terminated when individuals leave the group, the user that left the group can still gain access even though they are no... |
|
V-202086
|
Medium |
The network device must display an explicit logout message to administrators indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions. |
If an explicit logout message is not displayed and the administrator does not expect to see one, the administrator may inadvertently leave a management session un-terminated. The session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. Administrators need to be aware... |
|
V-202085
|
Medium |
The network device must be configured to provide a logout mechanism for administrator-initiated communication sessions. |
If an administrator cannot explicitly end a device management session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. |
|
V-202077
|
Medium |
The network device must generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. |
Sequentially generated session IDs can be easily guessed by an attacker. Employing the concept of randomness in the generation of unique session identifiers helps to protect against brute-force attacks to determine future session identifiers.
Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a... |
|
V-202076
|
Medium |
The network device must recognize only system-generated session identifiers. |
Network device management web interfaces utilize sessions and session identifiers to control management interface behavior and administrator access. If an attacker can guess the session identifier or can inject or manually insert session information, the session may be compromised.
Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion... |
|
V-202075
|
Medium |
The network device must invalidate session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination. |
Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries to capture and to continue to employ previously valid session IDs.
This requirement is applicable to devices that use a web interface for device management.
Session IDs are tokens generated by web applications to uniquely... |
|
V-202063
|
Medium |
The network device must require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password. |
If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
The number of changed characters refers to the number of changes required with respect to the total... |
|
V-202062
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-202061
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-202060
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lowercase character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-202059
|
Medium |
The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one uppercase character be used. |
Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
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V-202057
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Medium |
The network device must enforce a minimum 15-character password length. |
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password.
The shorter the password, the lower the number... |
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V-202055
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Medium |
The network device must implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts. |
A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack.
An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by... |
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V-202054
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Medium |
The network device must be configured to authenticate each administrator prior to authorizing privileges based on assignment of group or role. |
To ensure individual accountability and prevent unauthorized access, administrators must be individually identified and authenticated.
Individual accountability mandates that each administrator is uniquely identified. A group authenticator is a shared account or some other form of authentication that allows multiple unique individuals to access the network device using a single... |
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V-202051
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Medium |
The network device must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable. |
Authentication for administrative (privileged level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server is down or connectivity between the device and the authentication server is not operable. This account is referred to as... |
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V-202048
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Medium |
The network device must limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries. |
Changes to any software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed administrative access to the network device for implementing any changes or upgrades. If the network device were to enable non-authorized users... |
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V-202047
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Medium |
The network device must prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. |
Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the network device. Verifying software components have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted... |
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V-202044
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Medium |
The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
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V-202043
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Medium |
The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
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V-202042
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Medium |
The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized access. |
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data.
Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the... |
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V-202041
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Medium |
The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. |
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the veracity of... |
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V-202040
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Medium |
The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized modification. |
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit network device activity.
If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the veracity of... |
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V-202039
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Medium |
The network device must use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records. |
In order to determine what is happening within the network infrastructure or to resolve and trace an attack, the network device must support the organization's capability to correlate the audit log data from multiple network devices to acquire a clear understanding of events. In order to correlate auditable events, time... |
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V-202036
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Medium |
The network device must generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands. |
Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information.
Organizations consider limiting the additional audit information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. The additional information required is dependent on the type of information (i.e., sensitivity of the... |
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V-202035
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Medium |
The network device must generate audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event. |
Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., administrators or processes acting on behalf of administrators) associated with the events, security personnel cannot determine responsibility for the potentially harmful event.
Event identifiers (if authenticated or otherwise known) include, but are not limited to, user database tables, primary key... |
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V-202034
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Medium |
The network device must produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event. |
Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the system.
Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state... |
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V-202033
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Medium |
The network device must produce audit log records containing information to establish the source of events. |
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know the source of the event. The source may be a component, module, or process within the device or an external session, administrator, or device.
Associating information about where the source... |
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V-202032
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Medium |
The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. |
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as device hardware components, device software modules, session identifiers, filenames, host names, and functionality.
Associating information about where the event occurred within the network device provides... |
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V-202031
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Medium |
The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. |
It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Logging the date and time of each detected event provides a means of... |
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V-202030
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Medium |
The network device must produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred. |
It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Associating event types with detected events in the application and audit logs provides... |
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V-202029
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Medium |
The network device must initiate session auditing upon startup. |
If auditing is enabled late in the startup process, the actions of some start-up processes may not be audited. Some audit systems also maintain state information only available if auditing is enabled before a given process is created. |
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V-202028
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Medium |
The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g.,... |
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V-202025
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Medium |
The network device must protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. |
This requirement supports non-repudiation of actions taken by an administrator and is required in order to maintain the integrity of the configuration management process. All configuration changes to the network device are logged, and administrators authenticate with two-factor authentication before gaining administrative access. Together, these processes will ensure the administrators... |
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V-202021
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Medium |
The network device must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access. |
The banner must be acknowledged by the administrator prior to the device allowing the administrator access to the network device. This provides assurance that the administrator has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If the consent banner is not acknowledged by the administrator, DoD will not be... |
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V-202020
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Medium |
The network device must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device. |
Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users. |
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V-202019
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Medium |
The network device must be configured to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, after which time it must block any login attempt for 15 minutes. |
By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. |
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V-202018
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Medium |
The network device must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the network device based on information flow control policies. |
A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the network device may become compromised. Information flow control regulates where management information is allowed to travel within a... |
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V-202016
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Medium |
The network device must automatically audit account removal actions. |
Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account removal actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are terminated, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures... |
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V-202015
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Medium |
The network device must automatically audit account disabling actions. |
Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account disabling actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are disabled, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures... |
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V-202014
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Medium |
The network device must automatically audit account modification. |
Since the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Account management by a designated authority ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel with... |
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V-202013
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Medium |
The network device must automatically audit account creation. |
Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker will often first attempt to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is to create a new account. Notification of account creation helps to mitigate this risk. Auditing account creation provides the necessary reconciliation that account... |
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V-202009
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Medium |
The network device must retain the session lock until the administrator reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. |
A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Once invoked, the session lock shall remain in place until the administrator re-authenticates. No other system activity aside from re-authentication shall unlock the management... |
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V-202008
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Medium |
The network device must be configured to enable network administrators to directly initiate a session lock. |
A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than being forced to wait for a period of time to expire before the management session can be locked, network management consoles must... |
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V-202007
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Medium |
The network device must initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity. |
A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than relying on the user to manually lock their management session prior to vacating the vicinity, network devices need to be able to... |
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V-202006
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Medium |
The network device must conceal, via the session lock, information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image. |
A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. The network management session lock event must include an obfuscation of the display screen to prevent other users from reading what was previously displayed.... |
