| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-214224
|
High |
Infoblox systems must be configured with current DoD password restrictions. |
The Infoblox systems must be configured to meet current DoD password policy when using the Infoblox Local User Database as the authentication source. |
|
V-214207
|
High |
Digital signature algorithm used for DNSSEC-enabled zones must be FIPS-compatible. |
The choice of digital signature algorithm will be based on recommended algorithms in well-known standards. NIST's Digital Signature Standard (DSS) [FIPS186] provides three algorithm choices:
* Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)
* RSA
* Elliptic Curve DSA (ECDSA).
Of these three algorithms, RSA and DSA are more widely available and hence... |
|
V-214201
|
High |
The DNS server must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography for provisioning digital signatures, generating cryptographic hashes, and protecting unclassified information requiring confidentiality. |
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated. |
|
V-219058
|
Medium |
All authoritative name servers for a zone must be geographically disbursed. |
In addition to network-based dispersion, authoritative name servers should be dispersed geographically as well. In other words, in addition to being located on different network segments, the authoritative name servers should not all be located within the same building. One approach that some organizations follow is to locate some authoritative... |
|
V-214226
|
Medium |
A secure Out Of Band (OOB) network must be utilized for management of Infoblox Grid Members. |
The Infoblox Grid Master is the central point of management within an Infoblox Grid. The Grid Master retains a full copy of the configuration used for the entire Grid. The Grid Master should communicate to Grid Members using their Management port connected to an Out Of Band (OOB) network which... |
|
V-214225
|
Medium |
The DHCP service must not be enabled on an external authoritative name server. |
The site DNS and DHCP architecture must be reviewed to ensure only the appropriate services are enabled on each Grid Member. An external authoritative name server must be configured to allow only authoritative DNS. |
|
V-214223
|
Medium |
Infoblox Grid configuration must be backed up on a regular basis. |
The Infoblox Grid Master is the central point of management within an Infoblox Grid. The Grid Master retains a full copy of the configuration used for the entire Grid. In the event of system failure, a configuration backup must be preserved. An Infoblox member may also be configured as a... |
|
V-214220
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs. |
Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the system. Security-related parameters are those parameters impacting the security state of the application, including the parameters required to satisfy other security control requirements.
Configuring the DNS server implementation to follow... |
|
V-214219
|
Medium |
CNAME records must not point to a zone with lesser security for more than six months. |
The use of CNAME records for exercises, tests, or zone-spanning aliases should be temporary (e.g., to facilitate a migration). When a host name is an alias for a record in another zone, an adversary has two points of attack: the zone in which the alias is defined and the zone... |
|
V-214218
|
Medium |
The private keys corresponding to both the ZSK and the KSK must not be kept on the DNSSEC-aware primary authoritative name server when the name server does not support dynamic updates. |
The private keys in the KSK and ZSK key pairs must be protected from unauthorized access. If possible, the private keys should be stored off-line (with respect to the Internet-facing, DNSSEC-aware name server) in a physically secure, non-network-accessible machine along with the zone file master copy.
This strategy is not... |
|
V-214217
|
Medium |
The platform on which the name server software is hosted must be configured to send outgoing DNS messages from a random port. |
OS configuration practices as issued by the US Computer Emergency Response Team (US CERT) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) National Vulnerability Database (NVD), based on identified vulnerabilities that pertain to the application profile into which the name server software fits, should be always followed. In particular,... |
|
V-214216
|
Medium |
The platform on which the name server software is hosted must be configured to respond to DNS traffic only. |
OS configuration practices as issued by the US Computer Emergency Response Team (US CERT) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) National Vulnerability Database (NVD), based on identified vulnerabilities that pertain to the application profile into which the name server software fits, should be always followed. In particular,... |
|
V-214215
|
Medium |
The IP address for hidden master authoritative name servers must not appear in the name servers set in the zone database. |
A hidden master authoritative server is an authoritative DNS server whose IP address does not appear in the name server set for a zone. All of the name servers that do appear in the zone database as designated name servers get their zone data from the hidden master via a... |
|
V-214214
|
Medium |
The Infoblox NIOS version must be at the appropriate version. |
Infoblox NIOS is updated on a regular basis to add feature support, implement bug fixes, and address security vulnerabilities. NIOS is a hardened system with no direct user access to the software components. The review of security vulnerabilities such as MITRE Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure (CVE) can be accomplished by... |
|
V-214213
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must utilize valid root name servers in the local root zone file. |
All caching name servers must be authoritative for the root zone because, without this starting point, they would have no knowledge of the DNS infrastructure and thus would be unable to respond to any queries. The security risk is that an adversary could change the root hints and direct the... |
|
V-214212
|
Medium |
The DNS implementation must implement internal/external role separation. |
DNS servers with an internal role only process name/address resolution requests from within the organization (i.e., internal clients). DNS servers with an external role only process name/address resolution information requests from clients external to the organization (i.e., on the external networks, including the Internet). The set of clients that can... |
|
V-214211
|
Medium |
The DNS implementation must enforce a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) policy that limits propagation of access rights. |
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the premise that individual users are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in which mode (e.g., read or write). Ownership is usually acquired as a consequence of creating the object or via... |
|
V-214210
|
Medium |
In a split DNS configuration, where separate name servers are used between the external and internal networks, the internal name server must be configured to not be reachable from outside resolvers. |
Instead of having the same set of authoritative name servers serve different types of clients, an enterprise could have two different sets of authoritative name servers.
One set, called external name servers, can be located within a DMZ; these would be the only name servers that are accessible to external... |
|
V-214209
|
Medium |
In a split DNS configuration, where separate name servers are used between the external and internal networks, the external name server must be configured to not be reachable from inside resolvers. |
Instead of having the same set of authoritative name servers serve different types of clients, an enterprise could have two different sets of authoritative name servers.
One set, called external name servers, can be located within a DMZ; these would be the only name servers that are accessible to external... |
|
V-214208
|
Medium |
For zones split between the external and internal sides of a network, the RRs for the external hosts must be separate from the RRs for the internal hosts. |
Authoritative name servers for an enterprise may be configured to receive requests from both external and internal clients.
External clients need to receive RRs that pertain only to public services (public Web server, mail server, etc.)
Internal clients need to receive RRs pertaining to public services as well as internal... |
|
V-214206
|
Medium |
An authoritative name server must be configured to enable DNSSEC Resource Records. |
The specification for a digital signature mechanism in the context of the DNS infrastructure is in IETF's DNSSEC standard. In DNSSEC, trust in the public key (for signature verification) of the source is established not by going to a third party or a chain of third parties (as in public... |
|
V-214205
|
Medium |
All authoritative name servers for a zone must be located on different network segments. |
Most enterprises have an authoritative primary server and a host of authoritative secondary name servers. It is essential that these authoritative name servers for an enterprise be located on different network segments. This dispersion ensures the availability of an authoritative name server not only in situations in which a particular... |
|
V-214204
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must ensure each NS record in a zone file points to an active name server authoritative for the domain specified in that record. |
Poorly constructed NS records pose a security risk because they create conditions under which an adversary might be able to provide the missing authoritative name services that are improperly specified in the zone file. The adversary could issue bogus responses to queries that clients would accept because they learned of... |
|
V-214203
|
Medium |
NSEC3 must be used for all internal DNS zones. |
To ensure that RRs associated with a query are really missing in a zone file and have not been removed in transit, the DNSSEC mechanism provides a means for authenticating the nonexistence of an RR. It generates a special RR called an NSEC (or NSEC3) RR that lists the RRTypes... |
|
V-214202
|
Medium |
The Zone Signing Key (ZSK) rollover interval must be configured to less than two months. |
An attacker that has compromised a ZSK can use that key only during the KSK's signature validity interval. An attacker that has compromised a KSK can use that key for only as long as the signature interval of the RRSIG covering the DS RR in the delegating parent. These validity... |
|
V-214200
|
Medium |
The DNS server implementation must log the event and notify the system administrator when anomalies in the operation of the signed zone transfers are discovered. |
Security function is defined as the hardware, software, and/or firmware of the information system responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e.,... |
|
V-214199
|
Medium |
The DNS server implementation must follow procedures to re-role a secondary name server as the master name server should the master name server permanently lose functionality. |
Failing to an unsecure condition negatively impacts application security and can lead to system compromise. Failure conditions include, for example, loss of communications among critical system components or between system components and operational facilities. Fail-safe procedures include, for example, alerting operator personnel and providing specific instructions on subsequent steps to... |
|
V-214198
|
Medium |
The DNS server implementation must maintain the integrity of information during reception. |
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during packing/unpacking. These unauthorized disclosures or modifications compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the information.
Confidentiality is not an objective of DNS, but integrity is. DNS is responsible... |
|
V-214197
|
Medium |
The DNS server implementation must maintain the integrity of information during preparation for transmission. |
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during packing/unpacking. These unauthorized disclosures or modifications compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the information.
Confidentiality is not an objective of DNS, but integrity is. DNS... |
|
V-214196
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must implement cryptographic mechanisms to detect changes to information during transmission unless otherwise protected by alternative physical safeguards, such as, at a minimum, a Protected Distribution System (PDS). |
Encrypting information for transmission protects information from unauthorized disclosure and modification. Cryptographic mechanisms implemented to protect information integrity include, for example, cryptographic hash functions which have common application in digital signatures, checksums, and message authentication codes.
Confidentiality is not an objective of DNS, but integrity is. DNSSEC and TSIG/SIG(0) both... |
|
V-214195
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to must protect the integrity of transmitted information. |
Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised since unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered.
Communication paths outside the physical protection of a controlled boundary are exposed to the possibility of interception and modification. Protecting the confidentiality and integrity of organizational information... |
|
V-214194
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must perform data origin verification authentication on the name/address resolution responses the system receives from authoritative sources. |
If data origin authentication and data integrity verification are not performed, the resultant response could be forged, it may have come from a poisoned cache, the packets could have been intercepted without the resolver's knowledge, or resource records could have been removed which would result in query failure or denial... |
|
V-214193
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must perform data integrity verification on the name/address resolution responses the system receives from authoritative sources. |
If data origin authentication and data integrity verification are not performed, the resultant response could be forged, it may have come from a poisoned cache, the packets could have been intercepted without the resolver's knowledge, or resource records could have been removed that would result in query failure or denial... |
|
V-214192
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must request data integrity verification on the name/address resolution responses the system receives from authoritative sources. |
If data origin authentication and data integrity verification are not performed, the resultant response could be forged, it may have come from a poisoned cache, the packets could have been intercepted without the resolver's knowledge, or resource records could have been removed that would result in query failure or denial... |
|
V-214191
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must request data origin authentication verification on the name/address resolution responses the system receives from authoritative sources. |
If data origin authentication and data integrity verification are not performed, the resultant response could be forged, it may have come from a poisoned cache, the packets could have been intercepted without the resolver's knowledge, or resource records could have been removed that would result in query failure or denial... |
|
V-214190
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must provide additional integrity artifacts along with the authoritative name resolution data the system returns in response to external name/address resolution queries. |
The major threat associated with DNS forged responses or failures is the integrity of the DNS data returned in the response. The principle of DNSSEC is to mitigate this threat by providing data origin authentication, establishing trust in the source. This requirement enables remote clients to obtain origin authentication and... |
|
V-214189
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must provide data integrity protection artifacts for internal name/address resolution queries. |
The major threat associated with DNS forged responses or failures is the integrity of the DNS data returned in the response. The principle of DNSSEC is to mitigate this threat by providing data origin authentication, establishing trust in the source. This requirement enables remote clients to obtain origin authentication and... |
|
V-214188
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must provide data origin artifacts for internal name/address resolution queries. |
The major threat associated with DNS forged responses or failures is the integrity of the DNS data returned in the response. The principle of DNSSEC is to mitigate this threat by providing data origin authentication, establishing trust in the source. This requirement enables remote clients to obtain origin authentication and... |
|
V-214187
|
Medium |
The DNS server implementation must authenticate another DNS server before establishing a remote and/or network connection using bidirectional authentication that is cryptographically based. |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk.
This requirement applies to server-to-server (zone transfer) transactions only and is provided by TSIG/SIG(0), which enforces mutual... |
|
V-214186
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must authenticate the other DNS server before responding to a server-to-server transaction. |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Device authentication is a solution enabling an organization to manage devices. It is an additional layer of authentication ensuring only specific pre-authorized devices can access the system.
This requirement applies to server-to-server (zone transfer) transactions only... |
|
V-214185
|
Medium |
Recursion must be disabled on Infoblox DNS servers which are configured as authoritative name servers. |
A potential vulnerability of DNS is that an attacker can poison a name server's cache by sending queries that will cause the server to obtain host-to-IP address mappings from bogus name servers that respond with incorrect information. Once a name server has been poisoned, legitimate clients may be directed to... |
|
V-214183
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to validate the binding of the other DNS servers identity to the DNS information for a server-to-server transaction (e.g., zone transfer). |
Validation of the binding of the information prevents the modification of information between production and review. The validation of bindings can be achieved, for example, by the use of cryptographic checksums. Validations must be performed automatically.
DNSSEC and TSIG/SIG(0) technologies are not effective unless the digital signatures they generate are... |
|
V-214182
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to provide the means for authorized individuals to determine the identity of the source of the DNS server-provided information. |
Without a means for identifying the individual that produced the information, the information cannot be relied upon. Identifying the validity of information may be delayed or deterred.
This requirement provides organizational personnel with the means to identify who produced specific information in the event of an information transfer. DNSSEC and... |
|
V-214181
|
Medium |
An Infoblox DNS server must strongly bind the identity of the DNS server with the DNS information using DNSSEC. |
Weakly bound credentials can be modified without invalidating the credential; therefore, non-repudiation can be violated.
This requirement supports audit requirements that provide organizational personnel with the means to identify who produced specific information in the event of an information transfer. Organizations and/or data owners determine and approve the strength of... |
|
V-214180
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to activate a notification to the system administrator when a component failure is detected. |
Predictable failure prevention requires organizational planning to address system failure issues. If components key to maintaining systems security fail to function, the system could continue operating in an insecure state. The organization must be prepared and the application must support requirements that specify if the application must alarm for such... |
|
V-214179
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to manage excess capacity, bandwidth, or other redundancy to limit the effects of information flooding types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. |
A DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
In the case of application DoS attacks, care must be taken when designing the application to ensure the application makes... |
|
V-214178
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to restrict the ability of individuals to use the DNS server to launch Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against other information systems. |
A DoS is a condition where a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. Individuals of concern can include hostile insiders or external adversaries that have successfully breached the information system and are using... |
|
V-214177
|
Medium |
In the event of a system failure, The Infoblox system must preserve any information necessary to determine cause of failure and any information necessary to return to operations with least disruption to mission processes. |
Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization. Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability in the event of a failure of the information system or a component of the system.... |
|
V-214176
|
Medium |
Infoblox DNS servers must be configured to protect the authenticity of communications sessions for queries. |
The underlying feature in the major threat associated with DNS query/response (i.e., forged response or response failure) is the integrity of DNS data returned in the response. An integral part of integrity verification is to ensure that valid data has originated from the right source. DNSSEC is required for securing... |
|
V-214175
|
Medium |
Infoblox DNS servers must be configured to protect the authenticity of communications sessions for dynamic updates. |
DNS is a fundamental network service that is prone to various attacks, such as cache poisoning and man-in-the middle attacks. If communication sessions are not provided appropriate validity protections, such as the employment of DNSSEC, the authenticity of the data cannot be guaranteed. |
|
V-214174
|
Medium |
Infoblox DNS servers must protect the authenticity of communications sessions for zone transfers. |
DNS is a fundamental network service that is prone to various attacks, such as cache poisoning and man-in-the middle attacks.
If communication sessions are not provided appropriate validity protections, such as the employment of DNSSEC, the authenticity of the data cannot be guaranteed. |
|
V-214172
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must provide the means to enable verification of a chain of trust among parent and child domains (if the child supports secure resolution services). |
If name server replies are invalid or cannot be validated, many networking functions and communication would be adversely affected. With DNS, the presence of Delegation Signer (DS) records associated with child zones informs clients of the security status of child zones. These records are crucial to the DNSSEC chain of... |
|
V-214171
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system implementation must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information between DNS servers and between DNS servers and DNS clients based on DNSSEC policies. |
A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the system may become compromised. Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a system and between... |
|
V-214170
|
Medium |
The Key Signing Key (KSK) rollover interval must be configured to no less than one year. |
The DNS root key is a cryptographic public-private key pair used for DNSSEC signing of the DNS root zone records. The root zone KSK serves as the anchor for the “chain of trust” that enables DNS resolvers to validate the authenticity of any signed data in the DNS. The integrity... |
|
V-214169
|
Medium |
A DNS server implementation must provide the means to indicate the security status of child zones. |
If name server replies are invalid or cannot be validated, many networking functions and communication would be adversely affected. With DNS, the presence of Delegation Signer (DS) records associated with child zones informs clients of the security status of child zones. These records are crucial to the DNSSEC chain of... |
|
V-214168
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to provide additional data origin artifacts along with the authoritative data the system returns in response to external name/address resolution queries. |
The underlying feature in the major threat associated with DNS query/response (i.e., forged response or response failure) is the integrity of DNS data returned in the response. The security objective is to verify the integrity of each response received. An integral part of integrity verification is to ensure that valid... |
|
V-214167
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must be configured to employ strong authenticators in the establishment of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions. |
If maintenance tools are used by unauthorized personnel, they may accidentally or intentionally damage or compromise the system. The act of managing systems and applications includes the ability to access sensitive application information, such as system configuration details, diagnostic information, user information, and potentially sensitive application data.
Nonlocal maintenance and... |
|
V-214166
|
Medium |
Signature generation using the KSK must be done off-line, using the KSK-private stored off-line. |
Infoblox systems when deployed in a Grid configuration store DNSSEC keys on the designated Grid Master system. As the central point of administration, the Grid Master should be configured for administration of the DNS, DHCP, and IP Address Management (IPAM) system. No clients should be configured to utilize the Grid... |
|
V-214165
|
Medium |
Only the private key corresponding to the ZSK alone must be kept on the name server that does support dynamic updates. |
Infoblox systems when deployed in a Grid configuration store DNSSEC keys on the designated Grid Master system. As the central point of administration, the Grid Master should be configured for administration of the DNS, DHCP, and IP Address Management (IPAM) system. No clients should be configured to utilize the Grid... |
|
V-214164
|
Medium |
Infoblox systems which are configured to perform zone transfers to non-Grid name servers must utilize transaction signatures (TSIG). |
Without identifying devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. This applies to server-to-server (zone transfer) transactions only and is provided by TSIG, which enforces mutual server authentication using a key that is unique to each server pair (TSIG), thus uniquely identifying the other server. |
|
V-214163
|
Medium |
Infoblox systems configured to run the DNS service must be configured to prohibit or restrict unapproved ports and protocols. |
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable or restrict unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems.
Applications are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services.... |
|
V-214162
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system audit records must be backed up at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited. |
Protection of log data includes assuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Backing up audit records to a different system or onto separate media than the system being audited on a defined frequency helps to assure, in the event of a catastrophic system failure, the audit records will... |
|
V-214161
|
Medium |
The Infoblox system must limit the number of concurrent client connections to the number of allowed dynamic update clients. |
Limiting the number of concurrent sessions reduces the risk of Denial of Service (DoS) to the DNS implementation.
Name servers do not have direct user connections but accept client connections for queries. Original restriction on client connections should be high enough to prevent a self-imposed denial of service, after which... |
|
V-214160
|
Medium |
Primary authoritative name servers must be configured to only receive zone transfer requests from specified secondary name servers. |
Authoritative name servers (especially primary name servers) should be configured with an allow-transfer access control substatement designating the list of hosts from which zone transfer requests can be accepted. These restrictions address the denial-of-service threat and potential exploits from unrestricted dissemination of information about internal resources. Based on the need-to-know,... |
|
V-214222
|
Low |
The Infoblox system must be configured with the approved DoD notice and consent banner. |
Configuration of the DoD notice and consent banner requires all administrators to acknowledge the current DoD notice and consent by clicking an "Accept" button. |
|
V-214221
|
Low |
The Infoblox system must be configured to display the appropriate security classification information. |
Configuration of the informational banner displays the security classification of the Infoblox system using both color and text. Text may be added for additional security markings. |
|
V-214159
|
Low |
Infoblox systems which perform zone transfers to non-Infoblox Grid DNS servers must be configured to limit the number of concurrent sessions for zone transfers. |
Limiting the number of concurrent sessions reduces the risk of Denial of Service (DoS) to the DNS implementation.
Infoblox DNS servers configured in a Grid do not utilize zone transfers; data is replicated using an encrypted management connection. However when a zone contains both Infoblox Grid DNS servers and non-Grid... |
