| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-239944
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be running an operating system release that is currently supported by Cisco Systems. |
Network devices running an unsupported operating system lack current security fixes required to mitigate the risks associated with recent vulnerabilities. |
|
V-239943
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to send log data to at least two central log servers for the purpose of forwarding alerts to organization-defined personnel and/or the firewall administrator. |
The aggregation of log data kept on a syslog server can be used to detect attacks and trigger an alert to the appropriate security personnel. The stored log data can used to detect weaknesses in security that enable the network IA team to find and address these weaknesses before breaches... |
|
V-239940
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to use at least two authentication servers to authenticate users prior to granting administrative access. |
Centralized management of authentication settings increases the security of remote and non-local access methods. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat. With robust centralized management, audit records for administrator account access to the organization's network devices can be more readily analyzed for trends and anomalies. The alternative... |
|
V-239931
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions. |
This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking cryptographic mechanisms) are used for sessions, the contents of those sessions will be susceptible to eavesdropping, potentially putting sensitive... |
|
V-239930
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to use FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of non-local maintenance and diagnostic communications. |
Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised.
Non-local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network... |
|
V-239920
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after five minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. |
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by... |
|
V-239911
|
High |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or non-secure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services. |
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems.
Network devices are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some... |
|
V-239942
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. |
For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified with the Federal Bridge Certification Authority at medium assurance or higher, this Certification Authority (CA) will suffice. |
|
V-239941
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to conduct backups of system-level information contained in the information system when changes occur. |
System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including ACLs that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the execution and operation of the device. Information system backup is a critical step in ensuring system integrity and availability. If the system fails and... |
|
V-239938
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239937
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239936
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239935
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239934
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239933
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g.,... |
|
V-239932
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by enabling the Threat Detection feature. |
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
This requirement addresses the configuration of network devices to mitigate the impact of DoS attacks that have occurred or are ongoing... |
|
V-239929
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based. |
If Network Time Protocol is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will make log timestamps inaccurate and affect scheduled actions. NTP authentication is used to prevent this tampering by authenticating... |
|
V-239928
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to encrypt Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) messages using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm. |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk.
A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A... |
|
V-239927
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to authenticate Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). |
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk.
A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A... |
|
V-239925
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision. |
Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks. |
|
V-239924
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to synchronize its clock with the primary and secondary time sources using redundant authoritative time sources. |
The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other functions.
Multiple time sources provide redundancy by including a secondary source. Time synchronization is usually a hierarchy; clients synchronize time... |
|
V-239923
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. |
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected.
Alerts provide... |
|
V-239922
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. |
In order to ensure network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial device setup if it is modifiable.
The value... |
|
V-239921
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to audit the execution of privileged functions. |
Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and... |
|
V-239919
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password. |
If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
The number of changed characters refers to the number of changes required with respect to the total... |
|
V-239918
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-239917
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-239916
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lowercase character be used. |
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-239915
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one uppercase character be used. |
Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it... |
|
V-239914
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce a minimum 15-character password length. |
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password.
The shorter the password, the lower the number... |
|
V-239913
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts. |
A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack.
An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by... |
|
V-239912
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable. |
Authentication for administrative (privileged level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server is down or connectivity between the device and the authentication server is not operable. This account is referred to as... |
|
V-239910
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands. |
Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information.
Organizations consider limiting the additional audit information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. The additional information required is dependent on the type of information (i.e., sensitivity of the... |
|
V-239909
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event. |
Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the system.
Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state... |
|
V-239908
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to produce audit log records containing information to establish the source of events. |
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know the source of the event. The source may be a component, module, or process within the device or an external session, administrator, or device.
Associating information about where the source... |
|
V-239907
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. |
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as device hardware components, device software modules, session identifiers, filenames, host names, and functionality.
Associating information about where the event occurred within the network device provides... |
|
V-239906
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. |
It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Logging the date and time of each detected event provides a means of... |
|
V-239905
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred. |
It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Associating event types with detected events in the application and audit logs provides... |
|
V-239904
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur. |
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g.,... |
|
V-239903
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. |
This requirement supports non-repudiation of actions taken by an administrator and is required in order to maintain the integrity of the configuration management process. All configuration changes to the network device are logged. To meet this requirement, the network device must log administrator access and activity. |
|
V-239902
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device. |
Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users. |
|
V-239901
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the Cisco ASA based on information flow control policies. |
A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the network device may become compromised. Information flow control regulates where management information is allowed to travel within a... |
|
V-239900
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to automatically audit account removal actions. |
Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account removal actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are terminated, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures... |
|
V-239899
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to automatically audit account-disabling actions. |
Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account disabling actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are disabled, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures... |
|
V-239898
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to automatically audit account modification. |
Since the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Account management by a designated authority ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel with... |
|
V-239897
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to automatically audit account creation. |
Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker will often first attempt to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is to create a new account. Notification of account creation helps to mitigate this risk. Auditing account creation provides the necessary reconciliation that account... |
|
V-239896
|
Medium |
The Cisco ASA must be configured to limit the number of concurrent management sessions to an organization-defined number. |
Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per administrator based on account type, role, or access type is helpful in limiting risks related to DoS attacks.
This requirement addresses concurrent sessions... |
