| V-55959 | Medium | The web server must use a logging mechanism that is configured to allocate log record storage capacity large enough to accommodate the logging requirements of the web server. | In order to make certain that the logging mechanism used by the web server has sufficient storage capacity in which to write the logs, the logging mechanism needs to be able to allocate log record... |
| V-41833 | Medium | The web server must restrict the ability of users to launch Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against other information systems or networks. | A web server can limit the ability of the web server being used in a DoS attack through several methods. The methods employed will depend upon the hosted applications and their resource needs for... |
| V-55953 | Medium | Remote access to the web server must follow access policy or work in conjunction with enterprise tools designed to enforce policy requirements. | Remote access to the web server is any access that communicates through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access can be used to access hosted applications or to perform... |
| V-55951 | Medium | The web server must set an absolute timeout for sessions. | Leaving sessions open indefinitely is a major security risk. An attacker can easily use an already authenticated session to access the hosted application as the previously authenticated user. By... |
| V-55957 | Medium | A web server that is part of a web server cluster must route all remote management through a centrally managed access control point. | A web server cluster is a group of independent web servers that are managed as a single system for higher availability, easier manageability, and greater scalability. Without having centralized... |
| V-55955 | Medium | The web server must provide the capability to immediately disconnect or disable remote access to the hosted applications. | During an attack on the web server or any of the hosted applications, the system administrator may need to disconnect or disable access by users to stop the attack.
The web server must provide a... |
| V-56019 | Medium | A web server utilizing mobile code must meet DoD-defined mobile code requirements. | Mobile code in hosted applications allows the developer to add functionality and displays to hosted applications that are fluid, as opposed to a static web page. The data presentation becomes more... |
| V-40792 | Medium | The web server must perform server-side session management. | Session management is the practice of protecting the bulk of the user authorization and identity information. Storing of this data can occur on the client system or on the server.
When the... |
| V-40791 | Medium | The web server must limit the number of allowed simultaneous session requests. | Web server management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize a web server. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in... |
| V-56013 | Medium | The web server must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during preparation for transmission. | Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points,... |
| V-56011 | Medium | A web server must maintain the confidentiality of controlled information during transmission through the use of an approved TLS version. | Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a required transmission protocol for a web server hosting controlled information. The use of TLS provides confidentiality of data in transit between the web... |
| V-56017 | Medium | The web server must implement required cryptographic protections using cryptographic modules complying with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance when encrypting data that must be compartmentalized. | Cryptography is only as strong as the encryption modules/algorithms employed to encrypt the data.
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to... |
| V-40799 | Medium | The web server must generate information to be used by external applications or entities to monitor and control remote access. | Remote access to the web server is any access that communicates through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access can be used to access hosted applications or to perform... |
| V-40819 | Medium | The web server must use cryptography to protect the integrity of remote sessions. | Data exchanged between the user and the web server can range from static display data to credentials used to log into the hosted application. Even when data appears to be static, the non-displayed... |
| V-41746 | Medium | The web server must use cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance for such authentication. | Encryption is only as good as the encryption modules utilized. Unapproved cryptographic module algorithms cannot be verified and cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and... |
| V-41745 | Medium | The web server must use cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance when encrypting stored data. | Encryption is only as good as the encryption modules utilized. Unapproved cryptographic module algorithms cannot be verified, and cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity,... |
| V-41620 | Medium | The web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish the identity of any user/subject or process associated with an event. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Determining user... |
| V-41807 | Medium | The web server must generate unique session identifiers that cannot be reliably reproduced. | Communication between a client and the web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. In order to maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a... |
| V-41809 | Medium | The web server must generate a session ID using as much of the character set as possible to reduce the risk of brute force. | Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a user... |
| V-41808 | Medium | The web server must generate a session ID long enough that it cannot be guessed through brute force. | Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a... |
| V-40800 | Medium | The web server must use encryption strength in accordance with the categorization of data hosted by the web server when remote connections are provided. | The web server has several remote communications channels. Examples are user requests via http/https, communication to a backend database, or communication to authenticate users. The encryption... |
| V-41738 | Medium | The web server must encrypt passwords during transmission. | Data used to authenticate, especially passwords, needs to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting authentication data during transmission. Data used to... |
| V-41731 | Medium | Only authenticated system administrators or the designated PKI Sponsor for the web server must have access to the web servers private key. | The web server's private key is used to prove the identity of the server to clients and securely exchange the shared secret key used to encrypt communications between the web server and... |
| V-41730 | Medium | The web server must perform RFC 5280-compliant certification path validation. | A certificate's certification path is the path from the end entity certificate to a trusted root certification authority (CA). Certification path validation is necessary for a relying party to... |
| V-41794 | Medium | The web server must separate the hosted applications from hosted web server management functionality. | The separation of user functionality from web server management can be accomplished by moving management functions to a separate IP address or port. To further separate the management functions,... |
| V-41818 | Medium | The web server must accept only system-generated session identifiers. | Communication between a client and the web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. In order to maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a... |
| V-41815 | Medium | Information at rest must be encrypted using a DoD-accepted algorithm to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the information. | Data at rest is inactive data which is stored physically in any digital form (e.g., databases, data warehouses, spreadsheets, archives, tapes, off-site backups, mobile devices, etc.). Data at rest... |
| V-41812 | Medium | The web server must provide a clustering capability. | The web server may host applications that display information that cannot be disrupted, such as information that is time-critical or life-threatening. In these cases, a web server that shuts down... |
| V-41810 | Medium | The web server must generate unique session identifiers with definable entropy. | Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a user... |
| V-41811 | Medium | The web server must be built to fail to a known safe state if system initialization fails, shutdown fails, or aborts fail. | Determining a safe state for failure and weighing that against a potential DoS for users depends on what type of application the web server is hosting. For an application presenting publicly... |
| V-55949 | Medium | The web server must set an inactive timeout for sessions. | Leaving sessions open indefinitely is a major security risk. An attacker can easily use an already authenticated session to access the hosted application as the previously authenticated user. By... |
| V-56015 | Medium | The web server must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during reception. | Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during... |
| V-41668 | Medium | The web server must use the internal system clock to generate time stamps for log records. | Without an internal clock used as the reference for the time stored on each event to provide a trusted common reference for the time, forensic analysis would be impeded. Determining the correct... |
| V-55981 | Medium | The web server application, libraries, and configuration files must only be accessible to privileged users. | A web server can be modified through parameter modification, patch installation, upgrades to the web server or modules, and security parameter changes. With each of these changes, there is the... |
| V-55983 | Medium | All web server files must be verified for their integrity (e.g., checksums and hashes) before becoming part of the production web server. | Being able to verify that a patch, upgrade, certificate, etc., being added to the web server is unchanged from the producer of the file is essential for file validation and non-repudiation of the... |
| V-55985 | Medium | The web server must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs. | Configuring the web server to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists guarantees compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security... |
| V-55987 | Medium | All accounts installed with the web server software and tools must have passwords assigned and default passwords changed. | During installation of the web server software, accounts are created for the web server to operate properly. The accounts installed can have either no password installed or a default password,... |
| V-55989 | Medium | The web server must not perform user management for hosted applications. | User management and authentication can be an essential part of any application hosted by the web server. Along with authenticating users, the user management function must perform several other... |
| V-41701 | Medium | The web server must have resource mappings set to disable the serving of certain file types. | Resource mapping is the process of tying a particular file type to a process in the web server that can serve that type of file to a requesting client and to identify which file types are not to... |
| V-41695 | Medium | The web server must provide install options to exclude the installation of documentation, sample code, example applications, and tutorials. | Web server documentation, sample code, example applications, and tutorials may be an exploitable threat to a web server because this type of code has not been evaluated and approved. A production... |
| V-41706 | Medium | The web server must be configured to use a specified IP address and port. | The web server must be configured to listen on a specified IP address and port. Without specifying an IP address and port for the web server to utilize, the web server will listen on all IP... |
| V-41704 | Medium | Users and scripts running on behalf of users must be contained to the document root or home directory tree of the web server. | A web server is designed to deliver content and execute scripts or applications on the request of a client or user. Containing user requests to files in the directory tree of the hosted web... |
| V-41702 | Medium | The web server must have Web Distributed Authoring (WebDAV) disabled. | A web server can be installed with functionality that, just by its nature, is not secure. Web Distributed Authoring (WebDAV) is an extension to the HTTP protocol that, when developed, was meant to... |
| V-41703 | Medium | The web server must protect system resources and privileged operations from hosted applications. | A web server may host one too many applications. Each application will need certain system resources and privileged operations to operate correctly. The web server must be configured to contain... |
| V-41700 | Medium | The web server must allow the mappings to unused and vulnerable scripts to be removed. | Scripts allow server side processing on behalf of the hosted application user or as processes needed in the implementation of hosted applications. Removing scripts not needed for application... |
| V-55999 | Medium | The web server must be protected from being stopped by a non-privileged user. | An attacker has at least two reasons to stop a web server. The first is to cause a DoS, and the second is to put in place changes the attacker made to the web server configuration.
To prohibit... |
| V-55997 | Medium | The web server must be tuned to handle the operational requirements of the hosted application. | A Denial of Service (DoS) can occur when the web server is so overwhelmed that it can no longer respond to additional requests. A web server not properly tuned may become overwhelmed and cause a... |
| V-55995 | Medium | Web server accounts accessing the directory tree, the shell, or other operating system functions and utilities must only be administrative accounts. | As a rule, accounts on a web server are to be kept to a minimum. Only administrators, web managers, developers, auditors, and web authors require accounts on the machine hosting the web server.... |
| V-55993 | Medium | Anonymous user access to the web server application directories must be prohibited. | In order to properly monitor the changes to the web server and the hosted applications, logging must be enabled. Along with logging being enabled, each record must properly contain the changes... |
| V-55991 | Medium | The web server must prohibit or restrict the use of nonsecure or unnecessary ports, protocols, modules, and/or services. | Web servers provide numerous processes, features, and functionalities that utilize TCP/IP ports. Some of these processes may be deemed unnecessary or too unsecure to run on a production system.... |
| V-55961 | Medium | The web server must restrict inbound connections from nonsecure zones. | Remote access to the web server is any access that communicates through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access can be used to access hosted applications or to perform... |
| V-41684 | Medium | Expansion modules must be fully reviewed, tested, and signed before they can exist on a production web server. | In the case of a production web server, areas for content development and testing will not exist, as this type of content is only permissible on a development website. The process of developing... |
| V-55969 | Medium | The web server must not impede the ability to write specified log record content to an audit log server. | Writing events to a centralized management audit system offers many benefits to the enterprise over having dispersed logs. Centralized management of audit records and logs provides for efficiency... |
| V-56023 | Medium | The web server must generate a unique session identifier for each session using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. | Communication between a client and the web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. In order to maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a... |
| V-56021 | Medium | The web server must invalidate session identifiers upon hosted application user logout or other session termination. | Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries from capturing and continuing to employ previously valid session IDs.
Session IDs are... |
| V-56027 | Medium | The web server must only accept client certificates issued by DoD PKI or DoD-approved PKI Certification Authorities (CAs). | Non-DoD approved PKIs have not been evaluated to ensure that they have security controls and identity vetting procedures in place which are sufficient for DoD systems to rely on the identity... |
| V-56025 | Medium | Cookies exchanged between the web server and client, such as session cookies, must have security settings that disallow cookie access outside the originating web server and hosted application. | Cookies are used to exchange data between the web server and the client. Cookies, such as a session cookie, may contain session information and user credentials used to maintain a persistent... |
| V-56029 | Medium | The web server must augment re-creation to a stable and known baseline. | Making certain that the web server has not been updated by an unauthorized user is always a concern. Adding patches, functions, and modules that are untested and not part of the baseline opens the... |
| V-41672 | Medium | The log information from the web server must be protected from unauthorized deletion. | Log data is essential in the investigation of events. The accuracy of the information is always pertinent. Information that is not accurate does not help in the revealing of potential security... |
| V-41670 | Medium | Web server log files must only be accessible by privileged users. | Log data is essential in the investigation of events. If log data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system... |
| V-41671 | Medium | The log information from the web server must be protected from unauthorized modification. | Log data is essential in the investigation of events. The accuracy of the information is always pertinent. Information that is not accurate does not help in the revealing of potential security... |
| V-41674 | Medium | The log data and records from the web server must be backed up onto a different system or media. | Protection of log data includes assuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Backing up log records to an unrelated system or onto separate media than the system the web server is... |
| V-41694 | Medium | The web server must not be a proxy server. | A web server should be primarily a web server or a proxy server but not both, for the same reasons that other multi-use servers are not recommended. Scanning for web servers that will also proxy... |
| V-55971 | Medium | The web server must be configurable to integrate with an organizations security infrastructure. | A web server will typically utilize logging mechanisms for maintaining a historical log of activity that occurs within a hosted application. This information can then be used for diagnostic... |
| V-41696 | Medium | Web server accounts not utilized by installed features (i.e., tools, utilities, specific services, etc.) must not be created and must be deleted when the web server feature is uninstalled. | When accounts used for web server features such as documentation, sample code, example applications, tutorials, utilities, and services are created even though the feature is not installed, they... |
| V-55973 | Medium | The web server must use a logging mechanism that is configured to alert the ISSO and SA in the event of a processing failure. | Reviewing log data allows an investigator to recreate the path of an attacker and to capture forensic data for later use. Log data is also essential to system administrators in their daily... |
| V-55975 | Medium | The web server must use a logging mechanism that is configured to provide a warning to the ISSO and SA when allocated record storage volume reaches 75% of maximum log record storage capacity. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process logs as required. Log processing failures include: software/hardware errors, failures in the... |
| V-41693 | Medium | The web server must only contain services and functions necessary for operation. | A web server can provide many features, services, and processes. Some of these may be deemed unnecessary or too unsecure to run on a production DoD system.
The web server must provide the... |
| V-55979 | Medium | The web server must generate log records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis across multiple devices and log records.
Time stamps generated by... |
| V-41698 | Medium | The web server must provide install options to exclude installation of utility programs, services, plug-ins, and modules not necessary for operation. | Just as running unneeded services and protocols is a danger to the web server at the lower levels of the OSI model, running unneeded utilities and programs is also a danger at the application... |
| V-41699 | Medium | The web server must have Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) that invoke OS shell programs disabled. | Controlling what a user of a hosted application can access is part of the security posture of the web server. Any time a user can access more functionality than is needed for the operation of the... |
| V-56031 | Medium | The web server must encrypt user identifiers and passwords. | When data is written to digital media, such as hard drives, mobile computers, external/removable hard drives, personal digital assistants, flash/thumb drives, etc., there is risk of data loss and... |
| V-56033 | Medium | The web server must install security-relevant software updates within the configured time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g. IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs). | Security flaws with software applications are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered security vulnerabilities. Organizations... |
| V-56035 | Medium | The web server must display a default hosted application web page, not a directory listing, when a requested web page cannot be found. | The goal is to completely control the web user's experience in navigating any portion of the web document root directories. Ensuring all web content directories have at least the equivalent of an... |
| V-41609 | Medium | The web server must capture, record, and log all content related to a user session. | A user session to a web server is in the context of a user accessing a hosted application that extends to any plug-ins/modules and services that may execute on behalf of the user.
The web server... |
| V-41600 | Medium | The web server must generate, at a minimum, log records for system startup and shutdown, system access, and system authentication events. | Log records can be generated from various components within the web server (e.g., httpd, plug-ins to external backends, etc.). From a web server perspective, certain specific web server... |
| V-55977 | Medium | The web server must record time stamps for log records to a minimum granularity of one second. | Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records.
Time stamps generated by the web server include date and time and... |
| V-41821 | Medium | The web server document directory must be in a separate partition from the web servers system files. | A web server is used to deliver content on the request of a client. The content delivered to a client must be controlled, allowing only hosted application files to be accessed and delivered. To... |
| V-55945 | Medium | The web server must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to hosted applications and resources in accordance with applicable access control policies. | To control access to sensitive information and hosted applications by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, the web server must be properly configured to incorporate a... |
| V-55947 | Medium | Non-privileged accounts on the hosting system must only access web server security-relevant information and functions through a distinct administrative account. | By separating web server security functions from non-privileged users, roles can be developed that can then be used to administer the web server. Forcing users to change from a non-privileged... |
| V-56009 | Medium | Cookies exchanged between the web server and the client, such as session cookies, must have cookie properties set to force the encryption of cookies. | Cookies can be sent to a client using TLS/SSL to encrypt the cookies, but TLS/SSL is not used by every hosted application since the data being displayed does not require the encryption of the... |
| V-56005 | Medium | Web server cookies, such as session cookies, sent to the client using SSL/TLS must not be compressed. | A cookie is used when a web server needs to share data with the client's browser. The data is often used to remember the client when the client returns to the hosted application at a later date. A... |
| V-56007 | Medium | Cookies exchanged between the web server and the client, such as session cookies, must have cookie properties set to prohibit client-side scripts from reading the cookie data. | A cookie can be read by client-side scripts easily if cookie properties are not set properly. By allowing cookies to be read by the client-side scripts, information such as session identifiers... |
| V-56001 | Medium | The web server must employ cryptographic mechanisms (TLS/DTLS/SSL) preventing the unauthorized disclosure of information during transmission. | Preventing the disclosure of transmitted information requires that the web server take measures to employ some form of cryptographic mechanism in order to protect the information during... |
| V-56003 | Medium | Web server session IDs must be sent to the client using SSL/TLS. | The HTTP protocol is a stateless protocol. To maintain a session, a session identifier is used. The session identifier is a piece of data that is used to identify a session and a user. If the... |
| V-41852 | Medium | The web server must limit the character set used for data entry. | Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into a hosted application's data entry field and the hosted application is unprepared to process that data. This results in... |
| V-41854 | Medium | Warning and error messages displayed to clients must be modified to minimize the identity of the web server, patches, loaded modules, and directory paths. | Information needed by an attacker to begin looking for possible vulnerabilities in a web server includes any information about the web server, backend systems being accessed, and plug-ins or... |
| V-41855 | Medium | Debugging and trace information used to diagnose the web server must be disabled. | Information needed by an attacker to begin looking for possible vulnerabilities in a web server includes any information about the web server and plug-ins or modules being used. When debugging or... |
| V-41614 | Medium | The web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish where within the web server the events occurred. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
| V-41615 | Medium | The web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish the source of events. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
| V-41616 | Medium | A web server, behind a load balancer or proxy server, must produce log records containing the client IP information as the source and destination and not the load balancer or proxy IP information with each event. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
| V-41617 | Medium | The web server must produce log records that contain sufficient information to establish the outcome (success or failure) of events. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
| V-41611 | Medium | The web server must initiate session logging upon start up. | An attacker can compromise a web server during the startup process. If logging is not initiated until all the web server processes are started, key information may be missed and not available... |
| V-41612 | Medium | The web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of events occurred. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
| V-41613 | Medium | The web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish when (date and time) events occurred. | Web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined.
Ascertaining the... |
