| V-88345 | High | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must implement NIST FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules to generate and validate cryptographic hashes. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards... |
| V-88347 | High | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must implement NIST FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules to protect unclassified information requiring confidentiality and cryptographic protection, in accordance with the data owners requirements. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards... |
| V-88343 | High | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must implement NIST FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules to provision digital signatures. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards... |
| V-88269 | High | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must use NIST FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules for cryptographic operations. | Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken and not... |
| V-88297 | High | Security-relevant software updates to the vROps PostgreSQL DB must be installed within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g. IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs). | Security flaws with software applications, including database management systems, are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered... |
| V-88235 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish the outcome (success or failure) of the events. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to... |
| V-88237 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish the identity of any user/subject or process associated with the event. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., users or processes acting on behalf of... |
| V-88351 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration and implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, DTMs, and IAVMs. | Configuring the DBMS to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists ensures compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security baseline... |
| V-88231 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish where the events occurred. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing where events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events... |
| V-88277 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must reveal detailed error messages only to the ISSO, ISSM, SA and DBA. | If the DBMS provides too much information in error logs and administrative messages to the screen, this could lead to compromise. The structure and content of error messages need to be carefully... |
| V-88233 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish the sources (origins) of the events. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing the source of the event, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the... |
| V-88307 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when privileges/permissions are modified. | Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of individuals' and groups' privileges... |
| V-88243 | Medium | The audit information produced by the vROps PostgreSQL DB must be protected from unauthorized read access. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In... |
| V-88239 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must include additional, more detailed, organization-defined information in the audit records for audit events identified by type, location, or subject. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough... |
| V-88257 | Medium | The role(s)/group(s) used to modify database structure (including but not necessarily limited to tables, indexes, storage, etc.) and logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to the vROps PostgreSQL DB, etc.) must be restricted to authorized users. | If the DBMS were to allow any user to make changes to database structure or logic, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of... |
| V-88335 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when concurrent logons/connections by the same user from different workstations occur. | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to track who logs on to the DBMS.
Concurrent connections by the same user from multiple workstations may be valid use of the system; or such... |
| V-88255 | Medium | vROps PostgreSQL DB objects (including but not limited to tables, indexes, storage, stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to the DBMS, etc.) must be owned by vROps PostgreSQL DB principals authorized for ownership. | Within the database, object ownership implies full privileges to the owned object, including the privilege to assign access to the owned objects to other subjects. Database functions and... |
| V-88337 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be able to generate audit records when successful accesses to objects occur. | Without tracking all or selected types of access to all or selected objects (tables, views, procedures, functions, etc.), it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events... |
| V-88253 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must protect its audit features from unauthorized removal. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-88331 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to execute privileged activities or other system-level access occur. | Without tracking privileged activity, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
System... |
| V-88251 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must protect its audit configuration from unauthorized modification. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-88319 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when security objects are deleted. | The removal of security objects from the database/DBMS would seriously degrade a system's information assurance posture. If such an event occurs, it must be logged. |
| V-88279 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must utilize centralized management of the content captured in audit records generated by all components of the DBMS. | Without the ability to centrally manage the content captured in the audit records, identification, troubleshooting, and correlation of suspicious behavior would be difficult and could lead to a... |
| V-88317 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to delete privileges/permissions occur. | Failed attempts to change the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized attempts to elevate or restrict individuals' and... |
| V-88315 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when privileges/permissions are deleted. | Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of individuals' and groups' privileges... |
| V-88217 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must provide audit record generation for DoD-defined auditable events within all DBMS/database components. | Without the capability to generate audit records, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit... |
| V-88313 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to modify security objects occur. | Changes in the database objects (tables, views, procedures, functions) that record and control permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit... |
| V-88215 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number per user for all accounts and/or account types. | Database management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions utilizing a DBMS. Unlimited concurrent connections to the DBMS could allow a successful Denial of Service... |
| V-88311 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when security objects are modified. | Changes in the database objects (tables, views, procedures, functions) that record and control permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit... |
| V-88219 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. | Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent or interfere with the auditing of critical... |
| V-88339 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful accesses to objects occur. | Without tracking all or selected types of access to all or selected objects (tables, views, procedures, functions, etc.), it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events... |
| V-88281 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must provide centralized configuration of the content to be captured in audit records generated by all components of the DBMS. | If the configuration of the DBMS's auditing is spread across multiple locations in the database management software, or across multiple commands, only loosely related, it is harder to use and... |
| V-88283 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must provide a warning to appropriate support staff when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of maximum audit record storage capacity. | Organizations are required to use a central log management system, so, under normal conditions, the audit space allocated to the DBMS on its own server will not be an issue. However, space will... |
| V-88259 | Medium | Default demonstration and sample databases, database objects, and applications must be removed. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential... |
| V-88287 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must record time stamps, in audit records and application data that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, formerly GMT). | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the DBMS must include date and time. Time... |
| V-88289 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate time stamps, for audit records and application data, with a minimum granularity of one second. | Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records.
Time stamps generated by the DBMS must include date and time.... |
| V-88249 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must protect its audit features from unauthorized access. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data.
Depending upon the log format and application, system and application log tools may... |
| V-88275 | Medium | vROps PostgreSQL DB contents must be protected from unauthorized and unintended information transfer by enforcement of a data-transfer policy. | Applications, including DBMSs, must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
Data used for the development and testing of applications often involves... |
| V-88285 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must provide an immediate real-time alert to appropriate support staff of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-88223 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must initiate session auditing upon startup. | Session auditing is for use when a user's activities are under investigation. To be sure of capturing all activity during those periods when session auditing is in use, it needs to be in operation... |
| V-88221 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be able to generate audit records when privileges/permissions are retrieved. | Under some circumstances, it may be useful to monitor who/what is reading privilege/permission/role information. Therefore, it must be possible to configure auditing to do this. DBMSs typically... |
| V-88341 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records for all direct access to the database(s). | In this context, direct access is any query, command, or call to the DBMS that comes from any source other than the application(s) that it supports. Examples would be the command line or a... |
| V-88227 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish what type of events occurred. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing what type of event occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate... |
| V-88225 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must provide authorized users to capture, record, and log all content related to a user session. | Without the capability to capture, record, and log all content related to a user session, investigations into suspicious user activity would be hampered.
Typically, this DBMS capability would be... |
| V-88229 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must produce audit records containing time stamps to establish when the events occurred. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing when events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events... |
| V-88349 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must off-load audit data to a separate log management facility; this must be continuous and in near real time for systems with a network connection to the storage facility and weekly or more often for stand-alone systems. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.... |
| V-88301 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to access security objects occur. | Changes to the security configuration must be tracked.
This requirement applies to situations where security data is retrieved or modified via data manipulation operations, as opposed to via... |
| V-88245 | Medium | The audit information produced by the vROps PostgreSQL DB must be protected from unauthorized modification. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the... |
| V-88325 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when successful logons or connections occur. | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to track who/what (a user or other principal) logs on to the DBMS. |
| V-88247 | Medium | The audit information produced by the vROps PostgreSQL DB must be protected from unauthorized deletion. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the... |
| V-88305 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to add privileges/permissions occur. | Failed attempts to change the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized attempts to elevate or restrict individuals' and... |
| V-88321 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to delete security objects occur. | The removal of security objects from the database/DBMS would seriously degrade a system's information assurance posture. If such an action is attempted, it must be logged.
To aid in diagnosis, it... |
| V-88309 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to modify privileges/permissions occur. | Failed attempts to change the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized attempts to elevate or restrict individuals' and... |
| V-88267 | Medium | If passwords are used for authentication, the vROps PostgreSQL DB must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and... |
| V-88265 | Medium | If passwords are used for authentication, the vROps PostgreSQL DB must store only hashed, salted representations of passwords. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and... |
| V-88263 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users). | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Organizational... |
| V-88329 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records for all privileged activities or other system-level access. | Without tracking privileged activity, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
System... |
| V-88261 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of organization-defined functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must... |
| V-88271 | Medium | In the event of a system failure, the vROps PostgreSQL DB must preserve any information necessary to determine cause of failure and any information necessary to return to operations with least disruption to mission processes. | Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization.
Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality,... |
| V-88273 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must isolate security functions from non-security functions. | An isolation boundary provides access control and protects the integrity of the hardware, software, and firmware that perform security functions.
Security functions are the hardware, software,... |
| V-88327 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when unsuccessful logons or connection attempts occur. | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to track failed attempts to log on to the DBMS. While positive identification may not be possible in a case of failed authentication, as much... |
| V-88303 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when privileges/permissions are added. | Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of individuals' and groups' privileges... |
| V-88293 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must disable network functions, ports, protocols, and services deemed by the organization to be nonsecure, in accord with the Ports, Protocols, and Services Management (PPSM) guidance. | Use of nonsecure network functions, ports, protocols, and services exposes the system to avoidable threats. |
| V-88291 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the DBMS or database(s). | Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access restrictions... |
| V-88333 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for user access to the database(s). | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to know how long a user's (or other principal's) connection to the DBMS lasts. This can be achieved by recording disconnections, in addition... |
| V-88295 | Medium | When invalid inputs are received, the vROps PostgreSQL DB must behave in a predictable and documented manner that reflects organizational and system objectives. | A common vulnerability is unplanned behavior when invalid inputs are received. This requirement guards against adverse or unintended system behavior caused by invalid inputs, where information... |
| V-88323 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must generate audit records when categories of information (e.g., classification levels/security levels) are deleted. | Changes in categories of information must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized access to protected data could go undetected.
For detailed information on categorizing information,... |
| V-88299 | Medium | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be able to generate audit records when security objects are accessed. | Changes to the security configuration must be tracked.
This requirement applies to situations where security data is retrieved or modified via data manipulation operations, as opposed to via... |
| V-88241 | Low | The vROps PostgreSQL DB must be configurable to overwrite audit log records, oldest first (First-In-First-Out - FIFO), in the event of unavailability of space for more audit log records. | It is critical that when the DBMS is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors;... |
