The DBMS must include organization-defined additional, more detailed information in the audit records for audit events identified by type, location, or subject.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-220276	O121-C2-008000	SV-220276r879569_rule		Medium

Description
Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes: timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. In addition, the application must have the capability to include organization-defined additional, more detailed information in the audit records for audit events. These events may be identified by type, location, or subject. An example of detailed information the organization may require in audit records is full-text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of shared account users. Some organizations may determine that more detailed information is required for specific database event types. If this information is not available, it could negatively impact forensic investigations into user actions or other malicious events.

Description

Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes: timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. In addition, the application must have the capability to include organization-defined additional, more detailed information in the audit records for audit events. These events may be identified by type, location, or subject. An example of detailed information the organization may require in audit records is full-text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of shared account users. Some organizations may determine that more detailed information is required for specific database event types. If this information is not available, it could negatively impact forensic investigations into user actions or other malicious events.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide	2023-12-27

Details

Check Text ( C-21991r836901_chk )
Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement. If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding. The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use. If Standard Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL or the following SQL query: SELECT FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail'; If Oracle returns a value something other than "TRUE", this is a finding Compare the organization-defined auditable events with the Oracle documentation to determine whether standard auditing covers all the requirements. If it does, this is not a finding. Compare those organization-defined auditable events that are not covered by the standard auditing, with the existing Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) specifications returned by the following query: SELECT * FROM SYS.DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL; If any such auditable event is not covered by the existing FGA specifications, this is a finding. If Unified Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SELECT FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing'; If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding. Compare the organization-defined auditable events with the Oracle documentation to determine whether standard auditing covers all the requirements. If it does, this is not a finding. Compare those organization-defined auditable events that are not covered by unified auditing with the existing Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) specifications returned by the following query: SELECT * FROM SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL WHERE AUDIT_TYPE = 'FineGrainedAudit'; If any such auditable event is not covered by the existing FGA specifications, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-21991r836901_chk )

Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement.

If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding.

The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use.

If Standard Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command:

SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL

or the following SQL query:

SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail';

If Oracle returns a value something other than "TRUE", this is a finding

Compare the organization-defined auditable events with the Oracle documentation to determine whether standard auditing covers all the requirements.

If it does, this is not a finding.

Compare those organization-defined auditable events that are not covered by the standard auditing, with the existing Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) specifications returned by the following query:

SELECT * FROM SYS.DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL;

If any such auditable event is not covered by the existing FGA specifications, this is a finding.

If Unified Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command:

SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';

If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding.

Compare the organization-defined auditable events with the Oracle documentation to determine whether standard auditing covers all the requirements.

If it does, this is not a finding.

Compare those organization-defined auditable events that are not covered by unified auditing with the existing Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) specifications returned by the following query:

SELECT * FROM SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL WHERE AUDIT_TYPE = 'FineGrainedAudit';

If any such auditable event is not covered by the existing FGA specifications, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-21983r391960_fix)
Either configure the DBMS's auditing to audit organization-defined auditable events, or, if preferred, use a third-party or custom tool. The tool must provide the minimum capability to audit the required events. If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows. If Standard Auditing is used: Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured: ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE; Audit trail type can be "OS", "DB", "DB,EXTENDED", "XML" or "XML,EXTENDED". After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database. If the organization-defined additional audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation at the location below. If the site-specific audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the location below. If Unified Auditing is used: Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured: SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing'; If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding. Otherwise, Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database. Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing. If the organization-defined additional audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation at the location below. If the site-specific audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the location below. For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents: "Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000 "Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI "DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241 Oracle Database Upgrade Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810

Fix Text (F-21983r391960_fix)

Either configure the DBMS's auditing to audit organization-defined auditable events, or, if preferred, use a third-party or custom tool. The tool must provide the minimum capability to audit the required events.

If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows.

If Standard Auditing is used:
Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured:

ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE;

Audit trail type can be "OS", "DB", "DB,EXTENDED", "XML" or "XML,EXTENDED".

After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database.

If the organization-defined additional audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation at the location below.

If the site-specific audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the location below.

If Unified Auditing is used:
Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured:

SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';

If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding.

Otherwise,
Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database. Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing.

If the organization-defined additional audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation at the location below.

If the site-specific audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the location below.

For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents:
"Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000
"Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI
"DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810