The DBMS must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish the identity of any user/subject or process associated with the event.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-220275	O121-C2-007900	SV-220275r395736_rule		Medium

Description
Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes: timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Database software is capable of a range of actions on data stored within the database. It is important, for accurate forensic analysis, to know exactly who performed a given action. If user identification information is not recorded and stored with the audit record, the record itself is of very limited use.

Description

Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes: timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Database software is capable of a range of actions on data stored within the database. It is important, for accurate forensic analysis, to know exactly who performed a given action. If user identification information is not recorded and stored with the audit record, the record itself is of very limited use.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide	2021-12-13

Details

Check Text ( C-21990r391956_chk )
Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement. If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding. The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use. If Standard Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL or the following SQL query: SELECT FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail'; If Oracle returns the value "NONE", this is a finding. To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish the identity of the user/subject or process, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.AUD$ table or the audit file, whichever is in use. If no user ID, or the wrong value, is returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding. If Unified Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SELECT FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing'; If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding. To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish the identity of the user/subject or process, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL view, whichever is in use. If no user ID, or the wrong value, is returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-21990r391956_chk )

Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement.

If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding.

The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use.

If Standard Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command:

SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL

or the following SQL query:

SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail';

If Oracle returns the value "NONE", this is a finding.

To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish the identity of the user/subject or process, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.AUD$ table or the audit file, whichever is in use.

If no user ID, or the wrong value, is returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding.

If Unified Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command:

SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';

If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding.

To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish the identity of the user/subject or process, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL view, whichever is in use.

If no user ID, or the wrong value, is returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-21982r391957_fix)
Configure the DBMS's auditing to audit standard and organization-defined auditable events, the audit record to include the identity of any user/subject or process associated with the event. If preferred, use a third-party or custom tool. If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows. If Standard Auditing is used: Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured: ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE; Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'. After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database. If unified Auditing is used: To ensure auditable events are captured: Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database. Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing. For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents: "Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000 "Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI "DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241 Oracle Database Upgrade Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810 http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810

Fix Text (F-21982r391957_fix)

Configure the DBMS's auditing to audit standard and organization-defined auditable events, the audit record to include the identity of any user/subject or process associated with the event. If preferred, use a third-party or custom tool.

If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows.

If Standard Auditing is used:
Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured:

ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE;

Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'.
After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database.

If unified Auditing is used:
To ensure auditable events are captured:
Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database.
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing.

For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents:
"Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000
"Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI
"DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810