The DBMS must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to the system in accordance with applicable policy.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-220266	O121-C2-002700	SV-220266r395499_rule		Medium

Description
Strong access controls are critical to securing application data. Access control policies (e.g., identity-based policies, role-based policies, attribute-based policies) and access enforcement mechanisms (e.g., access control lists, access control matrices, cryptography) must be employed by applications, when applicable, to control access between users (or processes acting on behalf of users) and objects (e.g., devices, files, records, processes, programs, domains) in the information system. Consideration should be given to the implementation of an audited, explicit override of automated mechanisms in the event of emergencies or other serious events. If the DBMS does not follow applicable policy when approving access it may be in conflict with networks or other applications in the information system. This may result in users either gaining or being denied access inappropriately and may be in conflict with applicable policy.

Description

Strong access controls are critical to securing application data. Access control policies (e.g., identity-based policies, role-based policies, attribute-based policies) and access enforcement mechanisms (e.g., access control lists, access control matrices, cryptography) must be employed by applications, when applicable, to control access between users (or processes acting on behalf of users) and objects (e.g., devices, files, records, processes, programs, domains) in the information system. Consideration should be given to the implementation of an audited, explicit override of automated mechanisms in the event of emergencies or other serious events. If the DBMS does not follow applicable policy when approving access it may be in conflict with networks or other applications in the information system. This may result in users either gaining or being denied access inappropriately and may be in conflict with applicable policy.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide	2021-12-13

Details

Check Text ( C-21981r391929_chk )
Check DBMS settings to determine whether users are restricted from accessing objects and data they are not authorized to access. If appropriate access controls are not implemented to restrict access to authorized users and to restrict the access of those users to objects and data they are authorized to see, this is a finding. The easiest way to isolate access is by using the Oracle Database Vault. To check to see if the Oracle Database Vault is installed, issue the following query: SQL> SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Oracle Database Vault'; If Oracle Database Vault is installed, review its settings for appropriateness and completeness of the access it permits and denies to each type of user. If appropriate and complete, this is not a finding. If Oracle Database Vault is not installed, review the roles and profiles in the database and the assignment of users to these for appropriateness and completeness of the access permitted and denied each type of user. If appropriate and complete, this is not a finding. If the access permitted and denied each type of user is inappropriate or incomplete, this is a finding. Following are code examples for reviewing roles, profiles, etc. Find out what role the users have: select * from dba_role_privs where granted_role = '' List all roles given to a user: select * from dba_role_privs where grantee = ''; List all roles for all users: column grantee format a32 column granted_role format a32 break on grantee select grantee, granted_role from dba_role_privs; Use the following query to list all privileges given to a user: select lpad(' ', 2level) \|\| granted_role "User roles and privileges" from ( / THE USERS / select null grantee, username granted_role from dba_users where username like upper('') / THE ROLES TO ROLES RELATIONS / union select grantee, granted_role from dba_role_privs / THE ROLES TO PRIVILEGE RELATIONS / union select grantee, privilege from dba_sys_privs ) start with grantee is null connect by grantee = prior granted_role; List which tables a certain role gives SELECT access to using the query: select from role_tab_privs where role='' and privilege = 'SELECT'; List all tables a user can SELECT from using the query: select * from dba_tab_privs where GRANTEE ='' and privilege = 'SELECT'; List all users who can SELECT on a particular table (either through being given a relevant role or through a direct grant - e.g., grant select on a table to Joe). The result of this query should also show through which role the user has this access or whether it was a direct grant. select Grantee,'Granted Through Role' as Grant_Type, role, table_name from role_tab_privs rtp, dba_role_privs drp where rtp.role = drp.granted_role and table_name = '' union select Grantee, 'Direct Grant' as Grant_type, null as role, table_name from dba_tab_privs where table_name = '';

Check Text ( C-21981r391929_chk )

Check DBMS settings to determine whether users are restricted from accessing objects and data they are not authorized to access. If appropriate access controls are not implemented to restrict access to authorized users and to restrict the access of those users to objects and data they are authorized to see, this is a finding.

The easiest way to isolate access is by using the Oracle Database Vault. To check to see if the Oracle Database Vault is installed, issue the following query:

SQL> SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Oracle Database Vault';

If Oracle Database Vault is installed, review its settings for appropriateness and completeness of the access it permits and denies to each type of user. If appropriate and complete, this is not a finding.

If Oracle Database Vault is not installed, review the roles and profiles in the database and the assignment of users to these for appropriateness and completeness of the access permitted and denied each type of user. If appropriate and complete, this is not a finding.

If the access permitted and denied each type of user is inappropriate or incomplete, this is a finding.

Following are code examples for reviewing roles, profiles, etc.

Find out what role the users have:
select * from dba_role_privs where granted_role = ''

List all roles given to a user:
select * from dba_role_privs where grantee = '';

List all roles for all users:
column grantee format a32
column granted_role format a32
break on grantee
select grantee, granted_role from dba_role_privs;

Use the following query to list all privileges given to a user:
select
lpad(' ', 2*level) || granted_role "User roles and privileges"
from
(
/* THE USERS */
select
null grantee,
username granted_role
from
dba_users
where
username like upper('')
/* THE ROLES TO ROLES RELATIONS */
union
select
grantee,
granted_role
from
dba_role_privs
/* THE ROLES TO PRIVILEGE RELATIONS */
union
select
grantee,
privilege
from
dba_sys_privs
)
start with grantee is null
connect by grantee = prior granted_role;

List which tables a certain role gives SELECT access to using the query:
select * from role_tab_privs where role='' and privilege = 'SELECT';

List all tables a user can SELECT from using the query:
select * from dba_tab_privs where GRANTEE ='' and privilege = 'SELECT';

List all users who can SELECT on a particular table (either through being given a relevant role or through a direct grant - e.g., grant select on a table to Joe). The result of this query should also show through which role the user has this access or whether it was a direct grant.

select
Grantee,'Granted Through Role' as Grant_Type,
role,
table_name
from role_tab_privs rtp, dba_role_privs drp
where rtp.role = drp.granted_role
and table_name = ''
union
select
Grantee,
'Direct Grant' as Grant_type,
null as role,
table_name
from dba_tab_privs
where table_name = '';

Fix Text (F-21973r391930_fix)
If Oracle Database Vault is in use, use it to configure the correct access privileges for each type of user. If Oracle Database Vault is not in use, configure the correct access privileges for each type of user using Roles and Profiles. For more information on the configuration of Database Vault, refer to the following documents: Database Vault Administrator's Guide: https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DVADM/toc.htm

Fix Text (F-21973r391930_fix)

If Oracle Database Vault is in use, use it to configure the correct access privileges for each type of user.

If Oracle Database Vault is not in use, configure the correct access privileges for each type of user using Roles and Profiles.

For more information on the configuration of Database Vault, refer to the following documents:
Database Vault Administrator's Guide:
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DVADM/toc.htm