The DBMS must automatically audit account disabling actions, to the extent such information is available.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-61571	O121-C2-002400	SV-76061r4_rule		Medium

Description
When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual application users or for identifying the application processes themselves. In order to detect and respond to events affecting user accessibility and application processing, applications must audit account disabling actions and, as required, notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. Note that user authentication and account management should be done via an enterprise-wide mechanism whenever possible. Examples of enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms include, but are not limited to, Active Directory and LDAP. However, notwithstanding how accounts are managed, Oracle auditing must always be configured to capture account-disabling actions, to the extent such information is available. Note that some Oracle architectural details limit the ability to capture this information. There is a difference between actions taken by a user that generate an audit record and actions by the database itself, which do not generate an audit record. If an account is locked because of an expiration event, it is done by the database without involving the action of a user. Failed logins are logged user interactions, but the subsequent locking of the account, although initiated by user actions, is a function of the database.

Description

When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual application users or for identifying the application processes themselves. In order to detect and respond to events affecting user accessibility and application processing, applications must audit account disabling actions and, as required, notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. Note that user authentication and account management should be done via an enterprise-wide mechanism whenever possible. Examples of enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms include, but are not limited to, Active Directory and LDAP. However, notwithstanding how accounts are managed, Oracle auditing must always be configured to capture account-disabling actions, to the extent such information is available. Note that some Oracle architectural details limit the ability to capture this information. There is a difference between actions taken by a user that generate an audit record and actions by the database itself, which do not generate an audit record. If an account is locked because of an expiration event, it is done by the database without involving the action of a user. Failed logins are logged user interactions, but the subsequent locking of the account, although initiated by user actions, is a function of the database.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide	2018-02-28

Details

Check Text ( C-62443r4_chk )
Check Oracle settings (and also OS settings and/or enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms settings) to determine if account disabling actions are being audited. If account disabling actions are not being audited by Oracle, this is a finding. If Standard Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL or the following SQL query: SELECT FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail'; If Oracle returns the value 'NONE', this is a finding. If Unified Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data including account disabling, enter the following SQLPlus command: SELECT ' Account disabling is not being audited. ' FROM dual WHERE (SELECT Count() FROM (select policy_name , audit_option from audit_unified_policies WHERE audit_option = 'ALTER USER' and policy_name in (select policy_name from audit_unified_enabled_policies where user_name='ALL USERS'))) = 0 OR (SELECT value FROM v$option WHERE parameter = 'Unified Auditing') != 'TRUE'; If Oracle returns "no rows selected", this is not a finding.

Check Text ( C-62443r4_chk )

Check Oracle settings (and also OS settings and/or enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms settings) to determine if account disabling actions are being audited. If account disabling actions are not being audited by Oracle, this is a finding.

If Standard Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command:
SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL
or the following SQL query:
SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail';
If Oracle returns the value 'NONE', this is a finding.

If Unified Auditing is used:
To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data including account disabling, enter the following SQL*Plus command:
SELECT ' Account disabling is not being audited. '
FROM dual
WHERE (SELECT Count(*)
FROM (select policy_name , audit_option from audit_unified_policies
WHERE audit_option = 'ALTER USER'
and policy_name in (select policy_name from audit_unified_enabled_policies where user_name='ALL USERS'))) = 0
OR (SELECT value
FROM v$option
WHERE parameter = 'Unified Auditing') != 'TRUE';

If Oracle returns "no rows selected", this is not a finding.

Fix Text (F-67487r2_fix)
Configure Oracle to audit account disabling actions. If Standard Auditing is used: Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured: ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE; Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'. After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database. If Unified Auditing is used: To ensure auditable events are captured: Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database. Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing. Reference V-61625 for information on how to configure a policy to audit account disabling. For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents: "Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000 "Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI "DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241 Oracle Database Upgrade Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810

Fix Text (F-67487r2_fix)

Configure Oracle to audit account disabling actions.

If Standard Auditing is used:
Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured:
ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE;
Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'.
After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database.

If Unified Auditing is used:
To ensure auditable events are captured:
Link the oracle binary with uniaud_on, and then restart the database. Oracle Database Upgrade Guide describes how to enable unified auditing. Reference V-61625 for information on how to configure a policy to audit account disabling.

For more information on the configuration of auditing, refer to the following documents:
"Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/TDPSG/tdpsg_auditing.htm#TDPSG50000
"Monitoring Database Activity with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DBSEG/part_6.htm#CCHEHCGI
"DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_audit_mgmt.htm#ARPLS241
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/UPGRD/afterup.htm#UPGRD52810