The DBMS must provide audit record generation capability for organization-defined auditable events within the database.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-219751	O112-C2-006800	SV-219751r395706_rule		Medium

Description
Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system. (e.g., network interface, hard disk, modem, etc.). From an application perspective, certain specific application functionalities may be audited as well. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records (i.e., auditable events, timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked). Organizations define which application components shall provide auditable events. The DBMS must provide auditing for the list of events defined by the organization or risk negatively impacting forensic investigations into malicious behavior in the information system. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system, such as network interfaces, hard disks, modems, etc. From an application perspective, certain specific application functionalities may be audited, as well. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records (i.e., auditable events, timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked). Organizations may define the organizational personnel accountable for determining which application components shall provide auditable events. Auditing provides accountability for changes made to the DBMS configuration or its objects and data. It provides a means to discover suspicious activity and unauthorized changes. Without auditing, a compromise may go undetected and without a means to determine accountability. The Department of Defense has established the following as the minimum set of auditable events. Most can be audited via Oracle settings; some may require OS settings. - Successful and unsuccessful attempts to access, modify, or delete privileges, security objects, security levels, or categories of information (e.g. classification levels). - Successful and unsuccessful logon attempts, privileged activities or other system level access - Starting and ending time for user access to the system, concurrent logons from different workstations. - Successful and unsuccessful accesses to objects. - All program initiations. - All direct access to the information system. - All account creations, modifications, disabling, and terminations. - All kernel module loads, unloads, and restarts.

Description

Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system. (e.g., network interface, hard disk, modem, etc.). From an application perspective, certain specific application functionalities may be audited as well. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records (i.e., auditable events, timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked). Organizations define which application components shall provide auditable events. The DBMS must provide auditing for the list of events defined by the organization or risk negatively impacting forensic investigations into malicious behavior in the information system. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system, such as network interfaces, hard disks, modems, etc. From an application perspective, certain specific application functionalities may be audited, as well. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records (i.e., auditable events, timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked). Organizations may define the organizational personnel accountable for determining which application components shall provide auditable events. Auditing provides accountability for changes made to the DBMS configuration or its objects and data. It provides a means to discover suspicious activity and unauthorized changes. Without auditing, a compromise may go undetected and without a means to determine accountability. The Department of Defense has established the following as the minimum set of auditable events. Most can be audited via Oracle settings; some may require OS settings. - Successful and unsuccessful attempts to access, modify, or delete privileges, security objects, security levels, or categories of information (e.g. classification levels). - Successful and unsuccessful logon attempts, privileged activities or other system level access - Starting and ending time for user access to the system, concurrent logons from different workstations. - Successful and unsuccessful accesses to objects. - All program initiations. - All direct access to the information system. - All account creations, modifications, disabling, and terminations. - All kernel module loads, unloads, and restarts.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 11.2g Security Technical Implementation Guide	2021-12-13

Details

Check Text ( C-21476r307102_chk )
Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement. If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding. The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use. To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command: SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL or the following SQL query: SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail'; If Oracle returns the value 'NONE', this is a finding. To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing information on the required events, review the contents of the SYS.AUD$ table or the audit file, whichever is in use. If auditable events are not listed, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-21476r307102_chk )

Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement.

If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding.

The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use.

To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQLPlus command:
SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL
or the following SQL query:
SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail';
If Oracle returns the value 'NONE', this is a finding.

To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing information on the required events, review the contents of the SYS.AUD$ table or the audit file, whichever is in use. If auditable events are not listed, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-21475r307103_fix)
Configure the DBMS's auditing to audit organization-defined auditable events. If preferred, use a third-party tool. The tool must provide the minimum capability to audit the required events. If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows. Use this query to ensure auditable events are captured: ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE; Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'. After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database. For more information on the configuration of auditing, please refer to "Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10575/tdpsg_auditing.htm and "Verifying Security Access with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e36292/auditing.htm#DBSEG006 and "27 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e40758/d_audit_mgmt.htm If the organization-defined audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the locations above.

Fix Text (F-21475r307103_fix)

Configure the DBMS's auditing to audit organization-defined auditable events. If preferred, use a third-party tool. The tool must provide the minimum capability to audit the required events.

If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows.

Use this query to ensure auditable events are captured:
ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL= SCOPE=SPFILE;
Audit trail type can be 'OS', 'DB', 'DB,EXTENDED', 'XML' or 'XML,EXTENDED'.
After executing this statement, it may be necessary to shut down and restart the Oracle database.

For more information on the configuration of auditing, please refer to "Auditing Database Activity" in the Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10575/tdpsg_auditing.htm
and "Verifying Security Access with Auditing" in the Oracle Database Security Guide: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e36292/auditing.htm#DBSEG006
and "27 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT" in the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e40758/d_audit_mgmt.htm

If the organization-defined audit requirements are not covered by the default audit options, deploy and configure Fine-Grained Auditing. For details, refer to Oracle documentation, at the locations above.