| V-99017 | High | The network device must be configured to send log data to a central log server for the purpose of forwarding alerts to the administrators and the ISSO. | The aggregation of log data kept on a syslog server can be used to detect attacks and trigger an alert to the appropriate security personnel. The stored log data can used to detect weaknesses in... |
| V-55171 | High | The network device must only allow authorized administrators to view or change the device configuration, system files, and other files stored either in the device or on removable media (such as a flash drive). | This requirement is intended to address the confidentiality and integrity of system information at rest (e.g., network device rule sets) when it is located on a storage device within the network... |
| V-99019 | High | The network device must be running an operating system release that is currently supported by the vendor. | Network devices running an unsupported operating system lack current security fixes required to mitigate the risks associated with recent vulnerabilities. |
| V-55149 | High | The network device must obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals. | To prevent the compromise of authentication information such as passwords during the authentication process, the feedback from the network device must not provide any information that would allow... |
| V-55153 | High | The network device must use FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms for authentication to a cryptographic module. | Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not validated and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may... |
| V-55159 | High | The network device must terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port... |
| V-55265 | High | The network devices must use FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications. | Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be... |
| V-55267 | High | The network device must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions | This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking... |
| V-55221 | High | The network device must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures. | Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges.... |
| V-55299 | High | The network device must be configured to use an authentication server for the purpose of authenticating users prior to granting administrative access. | Centralized management of authentication settings increases the security of remote and nonlocal access methods. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat. With... |
| V-55131 | High | The network device must only store cryptographic representations of passwords. | Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-55133 | High | The network device must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords. | Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-55101 | High | The network device must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must... |
| V-55051 | High | The network device must enforce the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level in accordance with applicable policy for the device. | To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems must be properly configured to incorporate... |
| V-55219 | Medium | The network device must prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. | Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the network device. Verifying software components have been digitally signed using a certificate that is... |
| V-55215 | Medium | If the network device uses discretionary access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects. | Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the notion that individual network administrators are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the... |
| V-55217 | Medium | If the network device uses role-based access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined role-based access control policies over defined subjects and objects. | Organizations can create specific roles based on job functions and the authorizations (i.e., privileges) to perform needed operations on organizational information systems associated with the... |
| V-55295 | Medium | The network device must generate log records for a locally developed list of auditable events | Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. Logging the actions of specific events provides a means to investigate an attack; to recognize resource utilization or... |
| V-55045 | Medium | The network device must automatically audit account modification. | Since the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Account management by a designated authority... |
| V-55297 | Medium | The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the system components. | Changes to the hardware or software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals... |
| V-55047 | Medium | The network device must automatically audit account disabling actions. | Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account disabling actions will... |
| V-55043 | Medium | The network device must automatically audit account creation. | Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker will often first attempt to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is to create a new account.... |
| V-55163 | Medium | The network device must recognize only system-generated session identifiers. | Network device management web interfaces utilize sessions and session identifiers to control management interface behavior and administrator access. If an attacker can guess the session identifier... |
| V-55161 | Medium | The network device must invalidate session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination. | Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries to capture and to continue to employ previously valid session IDs.
This requirement is... |
| V-55167 | Medium | The network device must generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. | Sequentially generated session IDs can be easily guessed by an attacker. Employing the concept of randomness in the generation of unique session identifiers helps to protect against brute-force... |
| V-55049 | Medium | The network device must automatically audit account removal actions. | Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account removal actions will... |
| V-55165 | Medium | The network device must use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records. | In order to determine what is happening within the network infrastructure or to resolve and trace an attack, the network device must support the organization's capability to correlate the audit... |
| V-55209 | Medium | The network device must back up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited. | Protection of log data includes assuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Regularly backing up audit records to a different system or onto separate media than the system being audited... |
| V-55203 | Medium | The network device must automatically audit account enabling actions. | Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to... |
| V-55201 | Medium | The network device must terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group. | A shared/group account credential is a shared form of authentication that allows multiple individuals to access the network device using a single account. If shared/group account credentials are... |
| V-55205 | Medium | The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on... |
| V-55179 | Medium | The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. | Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
If audit data were to become... |
| V-55073 | Medium | The network device must provide the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time. | If authorized individuals do not have the ability to modify auditing parameters in response to a changing threat environment, the organization may not be able to effectively respond, and important... |
| V-55281 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55287 | Medium | The network device must off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
| V-55079 | Medium | The network device must generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-55173 | Medium | The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized modification. | Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit network device activity.
If audit data were to become compromised,... |
| V-55147 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands. | Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information.
Organizations consider limiting the additional audit information to only... |
| V-55143 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event. | Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., administrators or processes acting on behalf of administrators) associated with the events, security personnel cannot... |
| V-55283 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55279 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55277 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55067 | Medium | The network device must audit the execution of privileged functions. | Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious... |
| V-55275 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55273 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55271 | Medium | If the network device uses mandatory access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined mandatory access control policies over all subjects and objects. | Mandatory access control policies constrain what actions subjects can take with information obtained from data objects for which they have already been granted access, thus preventing the subjects... |
| V-55093 | Medium | The network device must initiate session auditing upon startup. | If auditing is enabled late in the startup process, the actions of some start-up processes may not be audited. Some audit systems also maintain state information only available if auditing is... |
| V-55091 | Medium | The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-55097 | Medium | The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. | It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment.... |
| V-55095 | Medium | The network device must produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred. | It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment.... |
| V-55099 | Medium | The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. | In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as device hardware components, device... |
| V-55307 | Medium | The network device must be configured to to conduct backups of system level information contained in the information system when changes occur. | System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including ACLs that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the... |
| V-55157 | Medium | The network device must shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern). | It is critical that when the network device is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware... |
| V-64001 | Medium | The network device must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable. | Authentication for administrative (privileged level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server... |
| V-55309 | Medium | The network device must support organizational requirements to conduct backups of information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner. | Information system backup is a critical step in maintaining data assurance and availability. Information system and security-related documentation contains information pertaining to system... |
| V-55269 | Medium | The network device must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards. | DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
This... |
| V-63997 | Medium | The network device must not have any default manufacturer passwords when deployed. | Network devices not protected with strong password schemes provide the opportunity for anyone to crack the password and gain access to the device, which can result in loss of availability,... |
| V-55261 | Medium | The network device must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period. | Some authentication implementations can be configured to use cached authenticators.
If cached authentication information is out-of-date, the validity of the authentication information may be... |
| V-55263 | Medium | Network devices performing maintenance functions must restrict use of these functions to authorized personnel only. | There are security-related issues arising from software brought into the network device specifically for diagnostic and repair actions (e.g., a software packet sniffer installed on a device in... |
| V-55085 | Medium | The network device must protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. | This requirement supports non-repudiation of actions taken by an administrator and is required in order to maintain the integrity of the configuration management process. All configuration changes... |
| V-55089 | Medium | The network device must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. | Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured... |
| V-55313 | Medium | The network device must obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. | For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key... |
| V-55315 | Medium | The network device must limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries. | Changes to any software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed... |
| V-55127 | Medium | The network device must require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password. | : If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts... |
| V-55125 | Medium | The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-55123 | Medium | The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-55121 | Medium | The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-55255 | Medium | The Cisco router must be configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). | Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate... |
| V-55129 | Medium | The network device must produce audit log records containing information to establish the source of events. | In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know the source of the event. The source may be a component, module, or... |
| V-55035 | Medium | The network device must retain the session lock until the administrator reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. | A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Once invoked, the session lock... |
| V-55245 | Medium | The network device must audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device. | Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to the device configuration, it will be difficult to identify attempted attacks, and an audit trail will not be available... |
| V-55031 | Medium | The network device must initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity. | A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than relying on the user... |
| V-55243 | Medium | The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration. | Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access... |
| V-55033 | Medium | The application or console being used to administer a network device must provide the capability for network administrators to directly initiate a session lock. | A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than being forced to wait... |
| V-55155 | Medium | The network device must terminate all sessions and network connections when nonlocal device maintenance is completed. | If a device management session or connection remains open after management is completed, it may be hijacked by an attacker and used to compromise or damage the network device.
Nonlocal device... |
| V-55137 | Medium | The network device must produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event. | Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the... |
| V-55233 | Medium | The network device must record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-55231 | Medium | The network device must be configured to synchronize internal information system clocks using redundant authoritative time sources. | The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other... |
| V-55027 | Medium | The network device must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for each administrator account and/or administrator account type. | Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per... |
| V-55235 | Medium | The network device must record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision. | Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-55239 | Medium | The network device must prohibit installation of software without explicit privileged status. | Allowing anyone to install software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. This requirement applies to... |
| V-55029 | Medium | The network device must conceal, via the session lock, information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image. | A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. The network management session... |
| V-55109 | Medium | The network device must be configured to authenticate each administrator prior to authorizing privileges based on assignment of group or role. | To assure individual accountability and prevent unauthorized access, administrators must be individually identified and authenticated.
Individual accountability mandates that each administrator... |
| V-55197 | Medium | Network devices must provide a logout capability for administrator-initiated communication sessions. | If an administrator cannot explicitly end a device management session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. |
| V-55191 | Medium | The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-55199 | Medium | The network device must display an explicit logout message to administrators indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions. | If an explicit logout message is not displayed and the administrator does not expect to see one, the administrator may inadvertently leave a management session un-terminated. The session may... |
| V-68747 | Medium | The network device must authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based. | If Network Time Protocol is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will... |
| V-55075 | Medium | The network device must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. | In order to ensure network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating... |
| V-55057 | Medium | The network device must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device. | Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws,... |
| V-55055 | Medium | The network device must be configured to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, after which time it must lock out the user account from accessing the device for 15 minutes. | By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. |
| V-55053 | Medium | The network device must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the network device based on information flow control policies. | A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved... |
| V-55119 | Medium | The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used. | Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-55115 | Medium | The network device must enforce a minimum 15-character password length. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to... |
| V-55183 | Medium | The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized access. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-55059 | Medium | The network device must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access. | The banner must be acknowledged by the administrator prior to the device allowing the administrator access to the network device. This provides assurance that the administrator has seen the... |
| V-55111 | Medium | The network device must implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts. | A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be... |
