SQL Server must use NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules for cryptographic operations.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-213969	SQL6-D0-008700	SV-213969r863338_rule		High

Description
Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken, and not validated cryptographic modules may not implement algorithms correctly. Unapproved cryptographic modules or algorithms should not be relied on for authentication, confidentiality, or integrity. Weak cryptography could allow an attacker to gain access to, and modify data stored in, the database as well as the administration settings of SQL Server. Applications, including DBMSs, utilizing cryptography are required to use approved NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. NSA Type- (where =1, 2, 3, 4) products are NSA-certified, hardware-based encryption modules. The standard for validating cryptographic modules will transition to the NIST FIPS 140-3 publication. FIPS 140-2 modules can remain active for up to five years after validation or until September 21, 2026, when the FIPS 140-2 validations will be moved to the historical list. Even on the historical list, CMVP supports the purchase and use of these modules for existing systems. While Federal Agencies decide when they move to FIPS 140-3 only modules, purchasers are reminded that for several years there may be a limited selection of FIPS 140-3 modules from which to choose. CMVP recommends purchasers consider all modules that appear on the Validated Modules Search Page: https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/validated-modules More information on the FIPS 140-3 transition can be found here: https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/fips-140-3-transition-effort/

Description

Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken, and not validated cryptographic modules may not implement algorithms correctly. Unapproved cryptographic modules or algorithms should not be relied on for authentication, confidentiality, or integrity. Weak cryptography could allow an attacker to gain access to, and modify data stored in, the database as well as the administration settings of SQL Server. Applications, including DBMSs, utilizing cryptography are required to use approved NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. NSA Type- (where =1, 2, 3, 4) products are NSA-certified, hardware-based encryption modules. The standard for validating cryptographic modules will transition to the NIST FIPS 140-3 publication. FIPS 140-2 modules can remain active for up to five years after validation or until September 21, 2026, when the FIPS 140-2 validations will be moved to the historical list. Even on the historical list, CMVP supports the purchase and use of these modules for existing systems. While Federal Agencies decide when they move to FIPS 140-3 only modules, purchasers are reminded that for several years there may be a limited selection of FIPS 140-3 modules from which to choose. CMVP recommends purchasers consider all modules that appear on the Validated Modules Search Page: https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/validated-modules More information on the FIPS 140-3 transition can be found here: https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/fips-140-3-transition-effort/

STIG	Date
MS SQL Server 2016 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide	2022-09-12

Details

Check Text ( C-15186r822463_chk )
In Windows, open Administrative Tools >> Local Security Policy. Expand Local Policies >> Security Options. In the right-side pane, find "System cryptography: Use FIPS compliant algorithms for encryption, hashing, and signing". If, in the "Security Setting" column, the value is "Disabled," this is a finding. https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/955720

Fix Text (F-15184r822464_fix)
In Windows, open Administrative Tools >> Local Security Policy. Expand Local Policies >> Security Options. In the right-side pane, double-click on "System cryptography: Use FIPS compliant algorithms for encryption, hashing, and signing". In the dialog box that appears, if the radio buttons are active, click "Enabled", and then click "Apply". If the radio buttons are grayed out, use Group Policy Management (on the appropriate server for this domain) to enforce the Enabled policy, and deploy it to the server(s) running SQL Server.

Fix Text (F-15184r822464_fix)

In Windows, open Administrative Tools >> Local Security Policy. Expand Local Policies >> Security Options. In the right-side pane, double-click on "System cryptography: Use FIPS compliant algorithms for encryption, hashing, and signing".

In the dialog box that appears, if the radio buttons are active, click "Enabled", and then click "Apply". If the radio buttons are grayed out, use Group Policy Management (on the appropriate server for this domain) to enforce the Enabled policy, and deploy it to the server(s) running SQL Server.