If passwords are used for authentication, SQL Server must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-79195	SQL6-D0-008200	SV-93901r3_rule		High

Description
The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates. Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and requires AO approval. In such cases, passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords during transmission. SQL Server passwords sent in clear text format across the network are vulnerable to discovery by unauthorized users. Disclosure of passwords may easily lead to unauthorized access to the database.

Description

The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates. Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and requires AO approval. In such cases, passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords during transmission. SQL Server passwords sent in clear text format across the network are vulnerable to discovery by unauthorized users. Disclosure of passwords may easily lead to unauthorized access to the database.

STIG	Date
MS SQL Server 2016 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide	2019-09-27

Details

Check Text ( C-78787r4_chk )
From a command prompt, open SQL Server Configuration Manager by typing "sqlservermanager13.msc", and pressing "ENTER". Navigate to SQL Server Configuration Manager >> SQL Server Network Configuration. Right-click on Protocols for, where is a placeholder for the SQL Server instance name, and click on “Properties”. On the "Flags" tab, if "Force Encryption" is set to “NO", this is a finding. On the "Flags" tab, if "Force Encryption" is set to "YES", examine the certificate used on the "Certificate" tab. If it is not a DoD certificate, or if no certificate is listed, this is a finding. For clustered instances, the Certificate will NOT be shown in the SQL Server Configuration Manager. 1. From a command prompt navigate to the certificate store where the Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) certificate is stored, by typing "certlm.msc", and pressing "ENTER". 2. In the left side of the window, expand the "Personal" folder, and click "Certificates" 3. Verify that the Certificate with the FQDN name is issued by the DOD. Double click the certificate, click the "Details" tab and note the value for the Thumbprint. 4. The value for the "Thumbprint" field should match the value in the registry by running regedit and look at "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Certificate". 5. This check needs to be run on each node of the cluster. If any nodes have a certificate in use by SQL that is not issued by DOD, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-78787r4_chk )

From a command prompt, open SQL Server Configuration Manager by typing "sqlservermanager13.msc", and pressing "ENTER".

Navigate to SQL Server Configuration Manager >> SQL Server Network Configuration. Right-click on Protocols for, where is a placeholder for the SQL Server instance name, and click on “Properties”.

On the "Flags" tab, if "Force Encryption" is set to “NO", this is a finding.

On the "Flags" tab, if "Force Encryption" is set to "YES", examine the certificate used on the "Certificate" tab.

If it is not a DoD certificate, or if no certificate is listed, this is a finding.

For clustered instances, the Certificate will NOT be shown in the SQL Server Configuration Manager.

1. From a command prompt navigate to the certificate store where the Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) certificate is stored, by typing "certlm.msc", and pressing "ENTER".

2. In the left side of the window, expand the "Personal" folder, and click "Certificates"

3. Verify that the Certificate with the FQDN name is issued by the DOD. Double click the certificate, click the "Details" tab and note the value for the Thumbprint.

4. The value for the "Thumbprint" field should match the value in the registry by running regedit and look at "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Certificate".

5. This check needs to be run on each node of the cluster.

If any nodes have a certificate in use by SQL that is not issued by DOD, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-85947r3_fix)
Configure SQL Server to encrypt authentication data for remote connections using DoD-approved cryptography. Deploy encryption to the SQL Server Network Connections. From a command prompt, open SQL Server Configuration Manager by typing "sqlservermanager13.msc", and pressing "ENTER". Navigate to SQL Server Configuration Manager >> SQL Server Network Configuration. Right-click on Protocols for, where is a placeholder for the SQL Server instance name, and click on "Properties". In the "Protocols for Properties" dialog box, on the "Certificate" tab, select the DOD certificate from the drop down for the Certificate box, and then click "OK". On the "Flags" tab, in the "ForceEncryption" box, select "Yes", and then click "OK" to close the dialog box. Then Restart the SQL Server service. For clustered instances install the certificate after setting "Force Encryption" to "Yes" in SQL Server Configuration Manger. 1. Navigate to the certificate store where the FQDN certificate is stored, by typing "certlm.msc" and pressing "ENTER". 2. On the "Properties" page for the certificate, go to the "Details" tab and copy the "thumbprint" value of the certificate to a "Notepad" window. 3. Remove the spaces between the hex characters in the "thumbprint" value in Notepad. 4. Start regedit, navigate to the following registry key, and copy the value from step 2: HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Certificate 5. If the SQL virtual server is currently on this node, failover to another node in your cluster, and then reboot the node where the registry change occurred. 6. Repeat this procedure on all the nodes.

Fix Text (F-85947r3_fix)

Configure SQL Server to encrypt authentication data for remote connections using DoD-approved cryptography.

Deploy encryption to the SQL Server Network Connections.

From a command prompt, open SQL Server Configuration Manager by typing "sqlservermanager13.msc", and pressing "ENTER".

Navigate to SQL Server Configuration Manager >> SQL Server Network Configuration. Right-click on Protocols for, where is a placeholder for the SQL Server instance name, and click on "Properties".

In the "Protocols for Properties" dialog box, on the "Certificate" tab, select the DOD certificate from the drop down for the Certificate box, and then click "OK". On the "Flags" tab, in the "ForceEncryption" box, select "Yes", and then click "OK" to close the dialog box. Then Restart the SQL Server service.

For clustered instances install the certificate after setting "Force Encryption" to "Yes" in SQL Server Configuration Manger.

1. Navigate to the certificate store where the FQDN certificate is stored, by typing "certlm.msc" and pressing "ENTER".

2. On the "Properties" page for the certificate, go to the "Details" tab and copy the "thumbprint" value of the certificate to a "Notepad" window.

3. Remove the spaces between the hex characters in the "thumbprint" value in Notepad.

4. Start regedit, navigate to the following registry key, and copy the value from step 2: HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Certificate

5. If the SQL virtual server is currently on this node, failover to another node in your cluster, and then reboot the node where the registry change occurred.

6. Repeat this procedure on all the nodes.