| Non-repudiation of actions taken is required in order to maintain application integrity. Examples of particular actions taken by individuals include creating information, sending a message, approving information (e.g., indicating concurrence or signing a contract), and receiving a message.
When non-repudiation techniques are not employed, high assurance that an individual performed a specific action cannot be guaranteed and the individual can falsely deny having performed such action and therefore, be held unaccountable. Non-repudiation protects individuals against later claims by an author of not having authored a particular document, a sender of not having transmitted a message, a receiver of not having received a message, or a signatory of not having signed a document. |
