| V-224171 | High | Applications must obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
Normally, with PKI authentication, the interaction with the user for authentication will be handled by a software component... |
| V-224131 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must integrate with an organization-level authentication/access mechanism providing account management and automation for all users, groups, roles, and any other principals. | Enterprise environments make account management for applications and databases challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or... |
| V-224170 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must enforce authorized access to all PKI private keys stored/utilized by the EDB Postgres Advanced Server. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates. PKI certificate-based authentication is performed by requiring the certificate holder to cryptographically prove possession of... |
| V-224147 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be configurable to overwrite audit log records, oldest first (First-In-First-Out - FIFO), in the event of unavailability of space for more audit log records. | It is critical that when the DBMS is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, action be taken to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors;... |
| V-224166 | High | If DBMS authentication, using passwords, is employed, EDB Postgres Advanced Server must enforce the DoD standards for password complexity and lifetime. | OS/enterprise authentication and identification must be used (SRG-APP-000023-DB-000001). Native DBMS authentication may be used only when circumstances make it unavoidable; and must be documented... |
| V-224168 | High | If passwords are used for authentication, the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and... |
| V-224178 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must protect the confidentiality and integrity of all information at rest. | This control is intended to address the confidentiality and integrity of information at rest in non-mobile devices and covers user information and system information. Information at rest refers to... |
| V-224167 | High | If passwords are used for authentication, the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must store only hashed, salted representations of passwords. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
Authentication based on User ID and Password may be used only when it is not possible to employ a PKI certificate, and... |
| V-224242 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be configured on a platform that has a NIST certified FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 installation of OpenSSL. | Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken and not validated... |
| V-224132 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies. | Authentication with a DoD-approved PKI certificate does not necessarily imply authorization to access the DBMS. To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities... |
| V-224156 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server software installation account must be restricted to authorized users. | When dealing with change control issues, it should be noted any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system and/or application can have significant... |
| V-224172 | High | When using command-line tools such as psql, users must use a logon method that does not expose the password. | To prevent the compromise of authentication information, such as passwords and PINs, during the authentication process, the feedback from the information system must not provide any information... |
| V-224174 | High | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must use NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules for all cryptographic operations including generation of cryptographic hashes and data protection. | Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken and not validated... |
| V-224152 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must protect its audit configuration from unauthorized modification. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-224153 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must protect its audit features from unauthorized removal. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-224133 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must protect against a user falsely repudiating by ensuring all accounts are individual, unique, and not shared. | Non-repudiation of actions taken is required in order to maintain data integrity. Examples of particular actions taken by individuals include creating information, sending a message, approving... |
| V-224163 | Medium | Access to external executables must be disabled or restricted. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential... |
| V-224177 | Medium | In the event of a system failure, the DBMS must preserve any information necessary to determine cause of failure and any information necessary to return to operations with least disruption to mission processes. | Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization.
Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality,... |
| V-224154 | Medium | Software, applications, and configuration files that are part of, or related to, the Postgres Plus Advanced Server installation must be monitored to discover unauthorized changes. | If the system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a... |
| V-224195 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must utilize centralized management of the content captured in audit records generated by all components of the EDB Postgres Advanced Server. | Without the ability to centrally manage the content captured in the audit records, identification, troubleshooting, and correlation of suspicious behavior would be difficult and could lead to a... |
| V-224150 | Medium | The audit information produced by the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be protected from unauthorized deletion. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the... |
| V-224149 | Medium | The audit information produced by the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be protected from unauthorized modification. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the... |
| V-224130 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number per user for all accounts and/or account types. | Database management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions utilizing a DBMS. Unlimited concurrent connections to the DBMS could allow a successful Denial of Service... |
| V-224209 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during reception. | Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during... |
| V-224146 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must by default shut down upon audit failure, to include the unavailability of space for more audit log records; or must be configurable to shut down upon audit failure. | It is critical that when the DBMS is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, action be taken to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors;... |
| V-224241 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration and implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, DTMs, and IAVMs. | Configuring the DBMS to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists ensures compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security baseline... |
| V-224240 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must off-load audit data to a separate log management facility; this must be continuous and in near real time for systems with a network connection to the storage facility and weekly or more often for stand-alone systems. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage... |
| V-224201 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the EDB Postgres Advanced Server or database(s). | Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access restrictions... |
| V-224200 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must prohibit user installation of logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, views, etc.) without explicit privileged status. | Allowing regular users to install software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. Explicit privileges... |
| V-224203 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must disable network functions, ports, protocols, and services deemed by the organization to be nonsecure, in accord with the Ports, Protocols, and Services Management (PPSM) guidance. | Use of nonsecure network functions, ports, protocols, and services exposes the system to avoidable threats.
A database cluster listens on a single port (usually 5444 for Postgres Plus Advanced... |
| V-224205 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must only accept end entity certificates issued by DoD PKI or DoD-approved PKI Certification Authorities (CAs) for the establishment of all encrypted sessions. | Only DoD-approved external PKIs evaluated to ensure security controls and identity vetting procedures are in place that are sufficient for DoD systems to rely on the identity asserted in the... |
| V-224204 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must require users to re-authenticate when organization-defined circumstances or situations require re-authentication. | The DoD standard for authentication of an interactive user is the presentation of a Common Access Card (CAC) or other physical token bearing a valid, current, DoD-issued Public Key Infrastructure... |
| V-224207 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must implement cryptographic mechanisms preventing the unauthorized disclosure of organization-defined information at rest on organization-defined information system components. | DBMSs handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest. These cryptographic... |
| V-224206 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must implement cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized modification of organization-defined information at rest (to include, at a minimum, PII and classified information) on organization-defined information system components. | DBMSs handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest. These cryptographic... |
| V-224160 | Medium | Default, demonstration and sample databases, database objects, and applications must be removed. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential... |
| V-224161 | Medium | Unused database components, EDB Postgres Advanced Server software, and database objects must be removed. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential... |
| V-224188 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must associate organization-defined types of security labels having organization-defined security label values with information in storage. | Without the association of security labels to information, there is no basis for EDB Postgres Advanced Server to make security-related access-control decisions.
Security labels are abstractions... |
| V-224189 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must associate organization-defined types of security labels having organization-defined security label values with information in process. | Without the association of security labels to information, there is no basis for EDB Postgres Advanced Server to make security-related access-control decisions.
Security labels are abstractions... |
| V-224164 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of organization-defined functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must... |
| V-224165 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users). | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Organizational... |
| V-224198 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must provide a warning to appropriate support staff when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of maximum audit record storage capacity. | Organizations are required to use a central log management system, so, under normal conditions, the audit space allocated to EDB Postgres on its own server will not be an issue. However, space... |
| V-224169 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server, when utilizing PKI-based authentication, must validate certificates by performing RFC 5280-compliant certification path validation. | The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates.
A certificate’s certification path is the path from the end entity certificate to a trusted root certification authority... |
| V-224180 | Medium | Database contents must be protected from unauthorized and unintended information transfer by enforcement of a data-transfer policy. | Applications, including DBMSs, must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
Data used for the development and testing of applications often involves... |
| V-224181 | Medium | Access to database files must be limited to relevant processes and to authorized, administrative users. | Applications, including DBMSs, must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources. Permitting only DBMS processes and authorized, administrative users to... |
| V-224186 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must reveal detailed error messages only to the ISSO, ISSM, SA, and DBA. | If EDB Postgres Advanced Server provides too much information in error logs and administrative messages to the screen, this could lead to compromise. The structure and content of error messages... |
| V-224187 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must automatically terminate a user session after organization-defined conditions or trigger events requiring session disconnect. | This addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions (i.e., network disconnect).... |
| V-224184 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server and associated applications, when making use of dynamic code execution, must scan input data for invalid values that may indicate a code injection attack. | With respect to database management systems, one class of threat is known as SQL Injection, or more generally, code injection. It takes advantage of the dynamic execution capabilities of various... |
| V-224185 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must provide non-privileged users with error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries. | Any DBMS or associated application providing too much information in error messages on the screen or printout risks compromising the data and security of the system. The structure and content of... |
| V-224145 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must include additional, more detailed, organization-defined information in the audit records for audit events identified by type, location, or subject. | Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough... |
| V-224175 | Medium | The DBMS must uniquely identify and authenticate non-organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of non-organizational users). | Non-organizational users include all information system users other than organizational users, which include organizational employees or individuals the organization deems to have equivalent... |
| V-224208 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during preparation for transmission. | Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points,... |
| V-224194 | Medium | Execution of software modules (to include stored procedures, functions, and triggers) with elevated privileges must be restricted to necessary cases only. | In certain situations, to provide required functionality, a DBMS must execute internal logic (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) and/or external code modules with elevated privileges.... |
| V-224182 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must check the validity of all data inputs except those specifically identified by the organization. | Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into an application's data entry fields and the application is unprepared to process that data. This results in unanticipated... |
| V-224183 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server and associated applications must reserve the use of dynamic code execution for situations that require it. | With respect to database management systems, one class of threat is known as SQL Injection, or more generally, code injection. It takes advantage of the dynamic execution capabilities of various... |
| V-224162 | Medium | Unused database components which are integrated in the EDB Postgres Advanced Server and cannot be uninstalled must be disabled. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential... |
| V-224176 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must separate user functionality (including user interface services) from database management functionality. | Information system management functionality includes functions necessary to administer databases, network components, workstations, or servers and typically requires privileged user access.
The... |
| V-224179 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must isolate security functions from non-security functions. | An isolation boundary provides access control and protects the integrity of the hardware, software, and firmware that perform security functions.
Security functions are the hardware, software,... |
| V-224159 | Medium | The role(s)/group(s) used to modify database structure (including but not necessarily limited to tables, indexes, storage, etc.) and logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to the EDB Postgres Advanced Server, etc.) must be restricted to authorized users. | If the DBMS were to allow any user to make changes to database structure or logic, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of... |
| V-224158 | Medium | Database objects (including but not limited to tables, indexes, storage, stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to the EDB Postgres Advanced Server, etc.) must be owned by database/EDB Postgres Advanced Server principals authorized for ownership. | Within the database, object ownership implies full privileges to the owned object, including the privilege to assign access to the owned objects to other subjects. Database functions and... |
| V-224196 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must provide centralized configuration of the content to be captured in audit records generated by all components of the EDB Postgres Advanced Server. | If the configuration of the DBMS's auditing is spread across multiple locations in the database management software, or across multiple commands, only loosely related, it is harder to use and... |
| V-224138 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must initiate support of session auditing upon startup. | Session auditing is used when a user's activities are under investigation. To ensure all activity is captured during those periods when session auditing is in use, it must be in operation for the... |
| V-224151 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must protect its audit features from unauthorized access. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data.
Depending upon the log format and application, system and application log tools may... |
| V-224136 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must generate audit records for DoD-defined auditable events. | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must generate audit records for DoD-defined auditable events within all DBMS/database components.
Audit records should contain (at a minimum):
-Time stamps to... |
| V-224135 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. | Without the capability to restrict the types of roles and individuals that can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent or interfere with the auditing of... |
| V-224134 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be configured to provide audit record generation capability for DoD-defined auditable events within all EDB Postgres Advanced Server/database components. | Without the capability to generate audit records, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Audit... |
| V-224155 | Medium | EDB Postgres Advanced Server software modules, to include stored procedures, functions, and triggers must be monitored to discover unauthorized changes. | If the system were to allow any user to make changes to software modules implemented within the database, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and... |
| V-224157 | Medium | Database software, including EDB Postgres Advanced Server configuration files, must be stored in dedicated directories, separate from the host OS and other applications. | When dealing with change control issues, it should be noted any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system and/or application can potentially have... |
| V-224173 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server password file must not be used. | The EDB Postgres password file can contain passwords to be used if the connection allows a password (and no password has been specified otherwise).
This file contain lines of the following... |
| V-224232 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logons, connections, or connection attempts occur. | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to track who/what (a user or other principal) logs on to the DBMS.
It is also necessary to track failed attempts to log on to the DBMS.... |
| V-224211 | Medium | Security-relevant software updates to the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be installed within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs). | Security flaws with software applications, including database management systems, are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered... |
| V-224199 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must provide an immediate real-time alert to appropriate support staff of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-224235 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for user access to the database(s) and concurrent logons/connections by the same user from different workstations. | For completeness of forensic analysis, it is necessary to know how long a user's (or other principal's) connection to the DBMS lasts. This can be achieved by recording disconnections, in addition... |
| V-224210 | Medium | When invalid inputs are received, the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must behave in a predictable and documented manner that reflects organizational and system objectives. | A common vulnerability is unplanned behavior when invalid inputs are received. This requirement guards against adverse or unintended system behavior caused by invalid inputs, where information... |
| V-224238 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must generate audit records for all direct access to the database(s). | In this context, direct access is any query, command, or call to the DBMS that comes from any source other than the application(s) that it supports. Examples would be the command line or a... |
| V-224239 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must implement NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules to provision digital signatures. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards... |
| V-224197 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. | To ensure sufficient storage capacity for the audit logs, the DBMS must be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. Although another requirement (SRG-APP-000515-DB-000318) mandates that... |
| V-224148 | Medium | The audit information produced by the EDB Postgres Advanced Server must be protected from unauthorized read access. | If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In... |
| V-224191 | Medium | EDB Postgres Advanced Server must enforce discretionary access control policies, as defined by the data owner, over defined subjects and objects. | Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the notion that individual users are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in... |
| V-224190 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must associate organization-defined types of security labels having organization-defined security label values with information in transmission. | Without the association of security labels to information, there is no basis for EDB Postgres Advanced Server to make security-related access-control decisions.
Security labels are abstractions... |
| V-224193 | Medium | Execution of software modules (to include stored procedures, functions, and triggers) with elevated privileges must be restricted to necessary cases only. | In certain situations, to provide required functionality, a DBMS must execute internal logic (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) and/or external code modules with elevated privileges.... |
| V-224192 | Medium | The EDB Postgres Advanced Server must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions, to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures. | Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges.
System... |
