| V-220607 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to use FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of remote maintenance sessions. | Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied on to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be... |
| V-220608 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions. | This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking... |
| V-220621 | High | The Cisco switch must be running an IOS release that is currently supported by Cisco Systems. | Network devices running an unsupported operating system lack current security fixes required to mitigate the risks associated with recent vulnerabilities. Running a supported release enables... |
| V-220620 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to send log data to a central log server for the purpose of forwarding alerts to the administrators and the Information System Security Officer (ISSO). | The aggregation of log data kept on a syslog server can be used to detect attacks and trigger an alert to the appropriate security personnel. The stored log data can used to detect weaknesses in... |
| V-220595 | High | The Cisco switch must only store cryptographic representations of passwords. | Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-220596 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to terminate all network connections associated with device management after 10 minutes of inactivity. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port... |
| V-220617 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to use an authentication server to authenticate users prior to granting administrative access. | Centralized management of user accounts and authentication increases the administrative access to the switch. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat.
With... |
| V-220586 | High | The Cisco switch must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and non-secure functions and services. | Network devices are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services provided by default may not be necessary to support essential organizational... |
| V-220601 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to synchronize its clock with the primary and secondary time sources using redundant authoritative time sources. | The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other... |
| V-220600 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate an alert for all audit failure events. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-220603 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to record time stamps for log records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-220602 | Medium | The Cisco switch must record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision. | Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-220605 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to encrypt SNMP messages using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm. | Without the strong encryption that is provided by the SNMP Version 3 User-based Security Model (USM), an unauthorized user can gain access to network management information that can be used to... |
| V-220604 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). | Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate... |
| V-220606 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to authenticate Network Time Protocol (NTP) sources using authentication that is cryptographically based. | If NTP is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will make log timestamps... |
| V-220609 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards. | DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
This... |
| V-220594 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password. | If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at... |
| V-220597 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to automatically audit account enabling actions. | Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to... |
| V-220591 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-220590 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used. | Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-220593 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-220592 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-220599 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. | To ensure that network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit... |
| V-220598 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to audit the execution of privileged functions. | Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious... |
| V-220610 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate log records when administrator privileges are modified. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-220573 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to automatically audit account disabling actions. | Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account disabling actions will... |
| V-220572 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to automatically audit account modification. | Because the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Account management by a designated authority... |
| V-220579 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to log on with access privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-220578 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to protect against an individual falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. | This requirement supports non-repudiation of actions taken by an administrator and is required to maintain the integrity of the configuration management process. All configuration changes to the... |
| V-220611 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate log records when administrator privileges are deleted. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-220618 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to support organizational requirements to conduct backups of the configuration when changes occur. | System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including access control lists (ACLs) that relate to the network device configuration, as well as... |
| V-220619 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. | Each organization obtains user certificates from an approved, shared service provider as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified... |
| V-220616 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to off-load log records onto a different system than the system being audited. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
| V-220571 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to automatically audit account creation. | Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker will often first attempt to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is to create a new account.... |
| V-220615 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate log records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-220577 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device. | Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws,... |
| V-220613 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate log records for privileged activities. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-220570 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to limit the number of concurrent management sessions to an organization-defined number. | Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per... |
| V-220576 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, after which time it must lock out the user account from accessing the device for 15 minutes. | By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. |
| V-220575 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the device based on control policies. | A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved... |
| V-220574 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to automatically audit account removal actions. | Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account removal actions will... |
| V-220582 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands. | Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information.
Organizations consider limiting the additional audit information to only... |
| V-220583 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to protect audit information from unauthorized modification. | Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit network device activity.
If audit data were to become compromised,... |
| V-220580 | Medium | The Cisco switch must produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. | It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done to compile an accurate risk assessment.... |
| V-220581 | Medium | The Cisco switch must produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. | To compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as device hardware components, device software... |
| V-220587 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable. | Authentication for administrative (privileged-level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server... |
| V-220584 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. | Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
If audit data were to become... |
| V-220585 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries. | Changes to any software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed... |
| V-220588 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts. | A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be... |
| V-220589 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce a minimum 15-character password length. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to... |
| V-220612 | Medium | The Cisco switch must be configured to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
