| V-54675 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must continuously monitor outbound communications traffic crossing internal security boundaries for unusual/unauthorized activities or conditions. | If outbound communications traffic is not continuously monitored, hostile activity may not be detected and prevented. Output from application and traffic monitoring serves as input to continuous... |
| V-54677 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must send an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when detection events occur. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
Since these... |
| V-54671 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when unauthorized network services are detected. | Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore, may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Automated mechanisms... |
| V-54673 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must continuously monitor inbound communications traffic crossing internal security boundaries for unusual or unauthorized activities or conditions. | If inbound communications traffic is not continuously monitored, hostile activity may not be detected and prevented. Output from application and traffic monitoring serves as input to continuous... |
| V-54679 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g., IAVMs or CTOs) are detected. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The ALG... |
| V-54371 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering must detect code injection attacks from being launched against data storage objects, including, at a minimum, databases, database records, queries, and fields. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to detect attacks launched against organizational databases may result... |
| V-54373 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering as part of its intermediary services must detect code injection attacks launched against application objects including, at a minimum, application URLs and application code. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to detect attacks launched against organizational applications may... |
| V-54461 | Medium | The ALG that provides intermediary services for HTTP must inspect inbound and outbound HTTP traffic for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. | Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as HTTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This... |
| V-54377 | Medium | The ALG must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within the network based on attribute- and content-based inspection of the source, destination, headers, and/or content of the communications traffic. | Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a network. The flow of all network traffic must be monitored and controlled so it does not introduce any... |
| V-54437 | Medium | The ALG must provide an immediate real-time alert to, at a minimum, the SCA and ISSO, of all audit failure events where the detection and/or prevention function is unable to write events to either local storage or the centralized server. | Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected.
Alerts provide organizations with... |
| V-54379 | Medium | The ALG must restrict or block harmful or suspicious communications traffic by controlling the flow of information between interconnected networks based on attribute- and content-based inspection of the source, destination, headers, and/or content of the communications traffic. | Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a network and between interconnected networks. Blocking or restricting detected harmful or suspicious... |
| V-54469 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS, when transferring information between different security domains, must use organization-defined data type identifiers to validate data essential for information flow decisions. | Information flow decisions based on invalid data may allow unintended and unauthorized data flows, and therefore risk the confidentiality of information. They may also result in the unauthorized... |
| V-54407 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify security levels occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54405 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify security objects occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54435 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must have the capability to implement journaling. | A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of the changes that will be made in a journal (usually a circular log in a dedicated area of the file system) before committing them to... |
| V-54403 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54401 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54649 | Medium | The ALG must generate error messages that provide the information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries. | Providing too much information in error messages risks compromising the data and security of the application and system.
Organizations carefully consider the structure/content of error messages.... |
| V-54409 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54433 | Medium | The ALG must off-load audit records onto a centralized log server in real time. | Off-loading ensures audit information does not get overwritten if the limited audit storage capacity is reached and also protects the audit record in case the system/component being audited is... |
| V-56199 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must provide a logoff capability for user-initiated communications sessions. | If a user cannot explicitly end a session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker.
However, for some types of interactive sessions including, for example, remote logon,... |
| V-56197 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must automatically terminate a user session when organization-defined conditions or trigger events that require a session disconnect occur. | Automatic session termination addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions... |
| V-56195 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must retain the session lock until the user reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. | A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system, but does not want to log out because of the... |
| V-54431 | Medium | The ALG must off-load audit records onto a centralized log server. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage... |
| V-56193 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must provide the capability for users to directly initiate a session lock. | A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system, but does not want to log out because of the... |
| V-56191 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity. | A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system, but does not log out because of the... |
| V-54771 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering must detect SQL injection attacks launched against data storage objects, including, at a minimum, databases, database records, and database fields. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to detect attacks launched against organizational databases may result... |
| V-54773 | Medium | The ALG must fail to a secure state upon failure of initialization, shutdown, or abort actions. | Failure to a known safe state helps prevent systems from failing to a state that may cause loss of data or unauthorized access to system resources. Network elements that fail suddenly and with no... |
| V-54473 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS, when transferring information between different security domains, must implement organization-defined security policy filters requiring fully enumerated formats that restrict data structure and content. | Data structure and content restrictions reduce the range of potential malicious and/or unsanctioned content in cross-domain transactions.
Security policy filters that restrict data structures... |
| V-54471 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must decompose information into organization-defined, policy-relevant subcomponents for submission to policy enforcement mechanisms before transferring information between different security domains. | Policy enforcement mechanisms apply filtering, inspection, and/or sanitization rules to the policy-relevant subcomponents of information to facilitate flow enforcement prior to transferring such... |
| V-54477 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must prohibit the transfer of unsanctioned information in accordance with the security policy when transferring information between different security domains. | The ability to prohibit information transfer is fundamentally necessary to prevent unintended and unauthorized data flows. Failure to prohibit information transfer when necessary will risk the... |
| V-54369 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering must prevent SQL injection attacks launched against data storage objects, including, at a minimum, databases, database records, and database fields. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to prevent attacks launched against organizational information from... |
| V-54367 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering must prevent code injection attacks launched against application objects including, at a minimum, application URLs and application code. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to prevent attacks launched against organizational information from... |
| V-54365 | Medium | To protect against data mining, the ALG providing content filtering must prevent code injection attacks from being launched against data storage objects, including, at a minimum, databases, database records, queries, and fields. | Data mining is the analysis of large quantities of data to discover patterns and is used in intelligence gathering. Failure to prevent attacks launched against organizational information from... |
| V-54363 | Medium | The ALG providing intermediary services for remote access communications traffic must provide the capability to immediately disconnect or disable remote access to the information system. | Without the ability to immediately disconnect or disable remote access, an attack or other compromise taking progress would not be immediately stopped.
Remote access functionality must have the... |
| V-54361 | Medium | The ALG providing intermediary services for remote access communications traffic must use NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect the integrity of remote access sessions. | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection.
Remote access is access to DoD-nonpublic information systems by an authorized user... |
| V-54415 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54417 | Medium | The ALG must produce audit records containing information to establish what type of events occurred. | Without establishing what type of event occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack.
Audit record content that may be... |
| V-54411 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54413 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete security levels occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54657 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must be configured to perform real-time scans of files from external sources at network entry/exit points as they are downloaded and prior to being opened or executed. | Malicious code includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and Spyware. The code provides the ability for a malicious user to read from and write to files and folders on a computer's hard drive.... |
| V-54655 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must update malicious code protection mechanisms and signature definitions whenever new releases are available in accordance with organizational configuration management policy and procedures. | Malicious code protection mechanisms include, but are not limited to, anti-virus and malware detection software. In order to minimize any potential negative impact to the organization caused by... |
| V-54419 | Medium | The ALG must produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. | Without establishing when events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack.
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment,... |
| V-54651 | Medium | The ALG must reveal error messages only to the ISSO, ISSM, and SCA. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can give configuration details about... |
| V-54393 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services for publicly accessible applications must display the Standard Mandatory DoD-approved Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the system. | Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the publicly accessible network element ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with... |
| V-54391 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD-approved Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until users acknowledge the usage conditions and take explicit actions to log on for further access. | The banner must be acknowledged by the user prior to allowing the user access to the network. This provides assurance that the user has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If... |
| V-54397 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access security objects occur. | Without generating audit records that log usage of objects by subjects and other objects, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or... |
| V-56189 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must conceal, via the session lock, information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image. | A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system, but does not log out because of the... |
| V-54395 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54399 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access security levels occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54769 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must provide the capability for authorized users to capture, record, and log all content related to a selected user session. | Without the capability to capture, record, and log content related to a user session, investigations into suspicious user activity would be hampered.
The intent of this requirement is to ensure... |
| V-54763 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54761 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete security objects occur. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54767 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must provide the capability for authorized users to select a user session to capture or view. | Without the capability to select a user session to capture or view, investigations into suspicious or harmful events would be hampered by the volume of information captured.
The intent of this... |
| V-54765 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for user access to the system. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-54623 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services using PKI-based user authentication must only accept end entity certificates issued by DoD PKI or DoD-approved PKI Certification Authorities (CAs) for the establishment of protected sessions. | Non-DoD approved PKIs have not been evaluated to ensure that they have security controls and identity vetting procedures in place which are sufficient for DoD systems to rely on the identity... |
| V-54489 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must enforce information flow control based on organization-defined metadata. | Enforcing allowed information flows based on metadata enables simpler and more effective flow control. Metadata is information used to describe the characteristics of data. Metadata can include... |
| V-54487 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must enforce dynamic traffic flow control based on organization-defined policies. | Information flow policies regarding dynamic information flow control include allowing or disallowing information flows based on changing conditions or mission/operational considerations. Changing... |
| V-54485 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS, when transferring information between different security domains, must apply the same security policy filtering to metadata as it applies to data payloads. | Subjecting metadata to the same filtering and inspection policies as payload data helps to mitigate the risk of data compromise through covert channels. This security measure also helps prevent... |
| V-54483 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must bind security attributes to information using organization-defined binding techniques to facilitate information flow policy enforcement. | If security attributes are not associated with the information being transmitted between systems, then access control policies and information flows which depend on these security attributes will... |
| V-54481 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must uniquely identify and authenticate destination by organization, system, application, and/or individual for information transfer. | Attribution is a critical component of a security concept of operations. The ability to identify source and destination points for information flowing in information systems, allows the forensic... |
| V-54421 | Medium | The ALG must produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. | Without establishing where events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack.
In order to compile an accurate risk... |
| V-54423 | Medium | The ALG must produce audit records containing information to establish the source of the events. | Without establishing the source of the event, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. In order to compile an accurate risk... |
| V-54425 | Medium | The ALG must produce audit records containing information to establish the outcome of the events. | Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the... |
| V-54427 | Medium | The ALG must generate audit records containing information to establish the identity of any individual or process associated with the event. | Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., users or processes acting on behalf of users) associated with the events, security personnel cannot determine... |
| V-54429 | Medium | The ALG must be configured to support centralized management and configuration. | Without the ability to centrally manage the content captured in the audit records, identification, troubleshooting, and correlation of suspicious behavior would be difficult and could lead to a... |
| V-54621 | Medium | The ALG must generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. | Sequentially generated session IDs can be easily guessed by an attacker. Employing the concept of randomness in the generation of unique session identifiers helps to protect against brute-force... |
| V-54475 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS, when transferring information between different security domains, must examine the information for the presence of organization-defined unsanctioned information. | Without the capability to examine information, there is no means to determine the presence of information not authorized for transfer. Information flow decisions based on unexamined data may allow... |
| V-54627 | Medium | The ALG must implement load balancing to limit the effects of known and unknown types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. | If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources will be unavailable to users. Load balancing provides service redundancy; which service redundancy reduces the... |
| V-54625 | Medium | In the event of a system failure of the ALG function, the ALG must save diagnostic information, log system messages, and load the most current security policies, rules, and signatures when restarted. | Failure in a secure state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission needs of the organization. Failure to a secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or... |
| V-54385 | Medium | The ALG must immediately use updates made to policy enforcement mechanisms such as policy filters, rules, signatures, and analysis algorithms for gateway and/or intermediary functions. | Information flow policies regarding dynamic information flow control include, for example, allowing or disallowing information flows based on changes to the PPSM CAL, vulnerability assessments, or... |
| V-54387 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must apply information flow control to data transferred between security domains by means of a policy filter which consists of a set of hardware and/or software. | Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a network and between interconnected networks. The flow of all network traffic must be monitored and controlled so... |
| V-54389 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must display the Standard Mandatory DoD-approved Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the network. | Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the network ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws,... |
| V-54479 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must uniquely identify and authenticate source by organization, system, application, and/or individual for information transfer. | Attribution is a critical component of a security concept of operations. The ability to identify source and destination points for information flowing in information systems, allows the forensic... |
| V-56203 | Medium | The ALG that stores secret or private keys must use FIPS-approved key management technology and processes in the production and control of private/secret cryptographic keys. | Private key data is used to prove that the entity presenting a public key certificate is the certificate's rightful owner. Compromise of private key data allows an adversary to impersonate the key... |
| V-56201 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must display an explicit logoff message to users indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions. | If a user cannot explicitly end a session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. Users need to be aware of whether or not the... |
| V-54551 | Medium | The ALG providing encryption intermediary services must use NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to implement encryption services. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The network element must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher... |
| V-54499 | Medium | The ALG must not have unnecessary services and functions enabled. | Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions (capabilities or processes) and services. Some of these functions and services are installed and enabled by default. The... |
| V-54495 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must enforce information flow control using organization-defined security policy filters as a basis for flow control decisions for organization-defined information flows. | The use of security policy filters provides protection for the confidentiality of data by restricting the flow of data.
Configure organization-defined specific filters and their order of... |
| V-54497 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must enforce the use of human reviews for organization-defined information flows under organization-defined conditions. | Without network element enforcement of human reviews, security policy filters may have false positives and false negatives in marginal situations, which may result in loss of confidentiality or... |
| V-54491 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must block the transfer of data with malformed security attribute metadata structures. | Enforcing allowed information flows based on metadata enables simpler and more effective flow control. Metadata is information used to describe the characteristics of data. Metadata can include... |
| V-54493 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must enforce organization-defined one-way information flows using hardware mechanisms. | Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a network and between interconnected networks. The flow of all network traffic must be monitored and controlled so... |
| V-54639 | Medium | The ALG must fail securely in the event of an operational failure. | If a boundary protection device fails in an unsecure manner (open), information external to the boundary protection device may enter, or the device may permit unauthorized information... |
| V-54535 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must uniquely identify and authenticate non-organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of non-organizational users). | Lack of authentication enables anyone to gain access to the network or possibly a network element that provides opportunity for intruders to compromise resources within the network infrastructure.... |
| V-54533 | Medium | The ALG providing PKI-based user authentication intermediary services must map authenticated identities to the user account. | Authorization for access to any network element requires an approved and assigned individual account identifier. To ensure only the assigned individual is using the account, the account must be... |
| V-54531 | Medium | The ALG that provides intermediary services for TLS must validate certificates used for TLS functions by performing RFC 5280-compliant certification path validation. | A certificate's certification path is the path from the end entity certificate to a trusted root certification authority (CA). Certification path validation is necessary for a relying party to... |
| V-54439 | Medium | The ALG must send an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and SCA when an audit processing failure occurs. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-54631 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must protect against or limit the effects of known and unknown types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by employing pattern recognition pre-processors. | If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources will be unavailable to users.
Installation of content filtering gateways and application layer firewalls at key... |
| V-54633 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must protect against known types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by employing signatures. | If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources will be unavailable to users.
Installation of content filtering gateways and application layer firewalls at key... |
| V-54635 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must block outbound traffic containing known and unknown DoS attacks to protect against the use of internal information systems to launch any Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against other networks or endpoints. | DoS attacks can take multiple forms but have the common objective of overloading or blocking a network or host to deny or seriously degrade performance. If the network does not provide safeguards... |
| V-54637 | Medium | The ALG must only allow incoming communications from organization-defined authorized sources routed to organization-defined authorized destinations. | Unrestricted traffic may contain malicious traffic which poses a threat to an enclave or to other connected networks. Additionally, unrestricted traffic may transit a network, which uses bandwidth... |
| V-54629 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must protect against known and unknown types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by employing rate-based attack prevention behavior analysis. | If the network does not provide safeguards against DoS attacks, network resources will be unavailable to users.
Installation of content filtering gateways and application layer firewalls at key... |
| V-54465 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must allow privileged administrators to enable/disable all security policy filters used to enforce information flow control. | A crucial part of any information flow control solution is the ability to enable and disable policy filters in order to respond to changes in organizational security posture and mission... |
| V-54337 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for all accounts and/or account types. | Network element management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize a network element. Limiting the number of current sessions per user is helpful in... |
| V-54659 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must block malicious code upon detection. | Taking an appropriate action based on local organizational incident handling procedures minimizes the impact of this code on the network.
This requirement is limited to ALGs web content filters... |
| V-54467 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must allow privileged administrators to configure and make changes to all security policy filters that are used to enforce information flow control. | The use of security policy filters provides protection for the confidentiality of data by restricting the flow of data. The capability to configure policy filters allows the ALG to enforce more... |
| V-54543 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must conform to FICAM-issued profiles. | Without conforming to Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management (FICAM)-issued profiles, the information system may not be interoperable with FICAM-authentication protocols, such as SAML... |
| V-54547 | Medium | The ALG providing encryption intermediary services must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to generate cryptographic hashes. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The network element must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher... |
| V-54545 | Medium | The ALG must terminate all network connections associated with a communications session at the end of the session, or as follows: for in-band management sessions (privileged sessions), the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity; and for user sessions (non-privileged session), the session must be terminated after 15 minutes of inactivity. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port... |
| V-54375 | Medium | The ALG must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources by employing identity-based, role-based, and/or attribute-based security policies. | Successful authentication must not automatically give an entity access to an asset or security boundary. The lack of authorization-based access control could result in the immediate compromise and... |
| V-54549 | Medium | The ALG providing encryption intermediary services must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography for digital signatures. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The network element must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher... |
| V-54525 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords. | Passwords need to be protected at all times and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-54449 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit tools from unauthorized access. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-54527 | Medium | The ALG must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period. | If the cached authenticator information is out of date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable.
This requirement applies to all ALGs which may cache user... |
| V-54521 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must use multifactor authentication for network access to non-privileged accounts. | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, non-privileged users must utilize multifactor authentication to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Multifactor... |
| V-54523 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to non-privileged accounts. | A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be... |
| V-54443 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit information from unauthorized read access. | Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. Logging the actions of specific events provides a means to investigate an attack, recognize resource utilization or capacity... |
| V-54441 | Medium | The ALG must shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern). | It is critical that when the network element is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware... |
| V-54447 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. | If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the veracity of... |
| V-54529 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services using PKI-based user authentication must implement a local cache of revocation data to support path discovery and validation in case of the inability to access revocation information via the network. | Without configuring a local cache of revocation data, there is the potential to allow access to users who are no longer authorized (users with revoked certificates).
The intent of this... |
| V-54445 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit information from unauthorized modification. | If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the veracity of... |
| V-54653 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must automatically update malicious code protection mechanisms. | The malicious software detection functionality on network elements needs to be constantly updated in order to identify new threats as they are discovered.
All malicious software detection... |
| V-54463 | Medium | The ALG that is part of a CDS must use source and destination security attributes associated with organization-defined information, source, and/or destination objects to enforce organization-defined information flow control policies as a basis for flow control decisions. | If information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the system may become compromised.
A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured and... |
| V-54511 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must restrict user authentication traffic to specific authentication server(s). | User authentication can be used as part of the policy filtering rule sets. Some URLs or network resources can be restricted to authenticated users only. Users are prompted by the application or... |
| V-54459 | Medium | The ALG that intermediary services for FTP must inspect inbound and outbound FTP communications traffic for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. | Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as FTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This... |
| V-54513 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must implement multifactor authentication for remote access to non-privileged accounts such that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access. | For remote access to non-privileged accounts, the purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the information system gaining access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication... |
| V-54515 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must implement multifactor authentication for remote access to privileged accounts such that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access. | For remote access to privileged accounts, the purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the information system gaining access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication is... |
| V-54451 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-54453 | Medium | The ALG must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion. | Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on... |
| V-54455 | Medium | The ALG must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security policy and technology-specific security best practices. | Configuring the network element to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists ensures compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security... |
| V-54457 | Medium | The ALG that provides intermediary services for SMTP must inspect inbound and outbound SMTP and Extended SMTP communications traffic for protocol compliance and protocol anomalies. | Application protocol anomaly detection examines application layer protocols such as SMTP to identify attacks based on observed deviations in the normal RFC behavior of a protocol or service. This... |
| V-54645 | Medium | The ALG must check the validity of all data inputs except those specifically identified by the organization. | Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into an application's data entry fields and the application is unprepared to process that data. This results in unanticipated... |
| V-54689 | Medium | The ALG that implements spam protection mechanisms must be updated automatically. | Originators of spam messages are constantly changing their techniques in order to defeat spam countermeasures; therefore, spam software must be constantly updated to address the changing... |
| V-54647 | Medium | The ALG must behave in a predictable and documented manner that reflects organizational and system objectives when invalid inputs are received. | A common vulnerability of network elements is unpredictable behavior when invalid inputs are received. This requirement guards against adverse or unintended system behavior caused by invalid... |
| V-54685 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when denial of service incidents are detected. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The ALG... |
| V-54687 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when new active propagation of malware infecting
DoD systems or malicious code adversely affecting the operations and/or security
of DoD systems is detected. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The ALG... |
| V-54681 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when root level intrusion events which provide unauthorized privileged access are detected. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The ALG... |
| V-54683 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate an alert to, at a minimum, the ISSO and ISSM when user level intrusions which provide non-privileged access are detected. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of major detection incidents that require immediate action and this delay may result in the loss or compromise of information.
The ALG... |
| V-54357 | Medium | The ALG providing intermediary services for remote access communications traffic must use encryption services that implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect the confidentiality of remote access sessions. | Without confidentiality protection mechanisms, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive information via a remote access session.
Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information... |
| V-54355 | Medium | The ALG providing intermediary services for remote access communications traffic must control remote access methods. | Remote access devices, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and makes remote user access... |
| V-54353 | Medium | The ALG providing intermediary services for remote access communications traffic must ensure inbound and outbound traffic is monitored for compliance with remote access security policies. | Automated monitoring of remote access traffic allows organizations to detect cyber attacks and also ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by inspecting connection activities of... |
| V-54641 | Medium | The ALG must deny network communications traffic by default and allow network communications traffic by exception (i.e., deny all, permit by exception). | A deny-all, permit-by-exception network communications traffic policy ensures that only those connections which are essential and approved are allowed.
As a managed interface, the ALG must block... |
| V-54609 | Medium | The ALG must detect, at a minimum, mobile code that is unsigned or exhibiting unusual behavior, has not undergone a risk assessment, or is prohibited for use based on a risk assessment. | Mobile code is defined as software modules obtained from remote systems, transferred across a network, and then downloaded and executed on a local system without explicit installation or execution... |
| V-54359 | Medium | The ALG that provides intermediary services for TLS must be configured to comply with the required TLS settings in NIST SP 800-52. | SP 800-52 provides guidance on using the most secure version and configuration of the TLS/SSL protocol. Using older unauthorized versions or incorrectly configuring protocol negotiation makes the... |
| V-54667 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must detect use of network services that have not been authorized or approved by the ISSM and ISSO, at a minimum. | Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Examples of network... |
| V-54665 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must be configured to integrate with a system-wide intrusion detection system. | Without coordinated reporting between separate devices, it is not possible to identify the true scale and possible target of an attack.
Integration of the ALG with a system-wide intrusion... |
| V-54663 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must send an immediate (within seconds) alert to the system administrator, at a minimum, in response to malicious code detection. | Without an alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability; then the ability to perform forensic analysis and detect rate-based and other anomalies will be... |
| V-54661 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must delete or quarantine malicious code in response to malicious code detection. | Taking an appropriate action based on local organizational incident handling procedures minimizes the impact of this code on the network.
The ALG must be configured to block all detected... |
| V-54509 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users). | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Organizational... |
| V-54507 | Medium | The ALG providing user access control intermediary services must be configured with a pre-established trust relationship and mechanisms with appropriate authorities (e.g., Active Directory or AAA server) which validate user account access authorizations and privileges. | User account and privilege validation must be centralized in order to prevent unauthorized access using changed or revoked privileges.
ALGs can implement functions such as traffic filtering,... |
| V-54505 | Medium | The ALG providing user authentication intermediary services must require users to re-authenticate when organization-defined circumstances or situations require re-authentication. | Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.
In addition to the re-authentication requirements associated with session locks,... |
| V-54503 | Medium | The ALG must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types); organizations must... |
| V-54669 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must generate a log record when unauthorized network services are detected. | Unauthorized or unapproved network services lack organizational verification or validation and therefore may be unreliable or serve as malicious rogues for valid services.
Examples of network... |
| V-54501 | Medium | The ALG must be configured to remove or disable unrelated or unneeded application proxy services. | Unrelated or unneeded proxy services increase the attack vector and add excessive complexity to the securing of the ALG. Multiple application proxies can be installed on many ALGs. However, proxy... |
| V-54613 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must prevent the download of prohibited mobile code. | Mobile code is defined as software modules obtained from remote systems, transferred across a network, and then downloaded and executed on a local system without explicit installation or execution... |
| V-54611 | Medium | The ALG providing content filtering must block or restrict detected prohibited mobile code. | Mobile code is defined as software modules obtained from remote systems, transferred across a network, and then downloaded and executed on a local system without explicit installation or execution... |
| V-54643 | Medium | The ALG must identify and log internal users associated with denied outgoing communications traffic posing a threat to external information systems. | Without identifying the users who initiated the traffic, it would be difficult to identify those responsible for the denied communications.
This requirement applies to those network elements that... |
| V-54617 | Medium | The ALG must invalidate session identifiers upon user logout or other session termination. | Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries from capturing and continuing to employ previously valid session IDs.
Session IDs are... |
| V-54615 | Medium | The ALG must protect the authenticity of communications sessions. | Authenticity protection provides protection against man-in-the-middle attacks/session hijacking and the insertion of false information into sessions.
This requirement focuses on communications... |
| V-54619 | Medium | The ALG must recognize only system-generated session identifiers. | Network elements (depending on function) utilize sessions and session identifiers to control application behavior and user access. If an attacker can guess the session identifier, or can inject or... |
